• Print

THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Registration certificate ПИ № ФС 77-21756, reg. 30.08.2005

Science and Theory Journal

2017, V. 13, №3 

Founded in 2005

Published 4 times a year

 C O N T E N T

UDC 631.4

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN SOILS AND ITS USE FOR THE STABILITY ASSESMENT OF HYDROGEL COMPOSITIONS FOR RHIZOSPHERE

Smagin Andrey Valentinovich
professor, doctor of biological science, Lononosov Moscow State University, (Russia), 119992, Moscow, GSP-2, Leninskye gory; Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Sadovnikova Nadezhda Borisovna
PHD, researcher, Lononosov Moscow State University, (Russia), 119992, Moscow, GSP-2, Leninskye gory; researcher, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe
Vasenev Vyacheslav Ivanovich
PHD, associate professor of RUDN University; researcher, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe
Smagina Marina Valentinovna
PHD, Deputy Director for Science, researcher, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe
Gulbe Anastasia Yakovlevna
PHD, scientific Secretary, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe

Открыть реферат статьи
The article contains the results of the methodological developments in the assessment of biological activity and biodestructor’s function of soils by the rate of oxygen consumption. The first part of the work concerns the description of methods for the assessment of biological oxygen consumption in the soil based on portable gas analyzers, as well as environmental regulation of this indicator. The primary outcome was the scale of gradations of biological oxygen uptake in soils with a range of quantities of potential biological activity from "very low" (<2 gO2∙m–3∙hour–1) to "extremely high" (>140 gO2∙m–3∙hour–1), obtained on the basis of statistical processing of data array 1308 measurements. In the second part of the study, oxygen consumption is used to assess the stability of the protective hydrogel compositions based on silver for the rhizosphere of plants, including a new type of polymer acrylic hydrogels with amphiphilic peat filler. It is assumed the integrated use of the gel for the purposes of improving the water-holding capacity of soils and their structural status, as well as to place in the rhizosphere of modern crop protection products in the swollen gel compositions.  The most effective plant protection products is expected to be silver. Pure acrylic polymer hydrogels had the rate of oxygen consumption from 0.2 to 2 g∙m–3∙hour–1, which corresponded to the periods of their half-lives from 0.2±0.1 to 6.8± 4.5 years, or relatively low resistance to biodestruction. In contrast to the pure gels, hydrogel compositions for rhizosphere based on ionic and colloidal silver showed low biological activity (oxygen consumption 0.01-0.2 g∙m–3∙hour–1) and, accordingly, significant resistance to biodegradation with half-lives from 5 to 70 years and above. Since biodegradation is one of the main limiting factors in the use of hydrogels in soils, introduction to their composition of the silver inhibitors may be a promising means of solving this technological problem.

Key words: strongly swelling polymer hydrogels, peat and humates, oxygen consumption, biodegradation, half-life time, plant protection products, gel composition, ionic, and colloidal silver.

Скачать статью 

UDC 632.952; 631.4

LABORATORY TESTING OF FUNGICIDAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE GEL-SILVER COMPOSITIONS

Smagin Andrey Valentinovich
professor, doctor of biological science, Lononosov Moscow State University, (Russia), 119992, Moscow, GSP-2, Leninskye gory; Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Kolganihina Galina Borisovna
PHD, researcher, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe
Smagina Marina Valentinovna
PHD, Deputy Director for Science, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe
Sadovnikova Nadezhda Borisovna
PHD, researcher, Lononosov Moscow State University, (Russia), 119992, Moscow, GSP-2, Leninskye gory; researcher, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe
Gulbe Anastasia Yakovlevna
PHD, scientific Secretary, Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe

Открыть реферат статьи
The infestation of the rhizosphere by pathogenic microorganisms is a widespread soil-ecological problem, leading to large losses of yield of tubers and root crops and reduced survival of seedlings of trees and shrubs. Suppression of these microorganisms in the rhizosphere is possible on the basis of special gel compozitions with modern plant-protecting agents (PPA), among which the most promising agents of plant protection with silver. Laboratory testing of the effectiveness of gel- silver compozitions carried out on pure cultures of pathogens late blight  and black leg of potato. The study revealed the exponential dependence of a dose of the inhibitor and linear (by diameter) and nonlinear (by area) specific growth rates of microorganisms colonies. It allows to determine the values of the effective concentration of the CPP, in which there is a twofold slowdown in the growth of the colony, varying in the case of the gels with colloidal silver in the range of 1–86 ppm on the active substance for both pathogens. For gel CPP based on ionic silver fungicidal effect was significantly (3–30 times) lower compared to colloidal forms, and for the pathogen of black leg of potato bactericidal properties of the ions and nanoparticles of silver were similar.

Keywords: the rhizosphere, pathogenic microorganisms, plant protection agents, hydrogel compositions of ionic and colloidal silver, late blight, black leg of potatoes.

Скачать статью 

UDK 636.08

THE IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Larina N. V.
head of division of monitoring and state ecological control of the Ministry of natural resources and environment of the Rostov region, Russia, Rostov-on-don, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
Livestock wastes utilization problems in Rostov region are considered in article, as well as the deterioration of soil fertility is analyzed. The main way to maintain the productivity of agrocenoses is rational and environmentally safe application of organic and mineral fertilizers. However, their use in excess quantities leads to deterioration of soil properties, creates a danger of pollution of ecosystems, including toxic compounds and pathogenic microorganisms. It is necessary to develop of recycling technologies and methods of storing organic wastes, since waste is formed in huge quantities as a result of the concentration of livestock enterprises. Several ways to remove and utilization of such organic waste, in particular anaerobic digestion are offered.

Key words: livestock wastes, manure, droppings, soil fertility decline, pollution of agroecosystems, methods of utilization of organic wastes, anaerobic digestion.

Скачать статью 

UDC 41.64;532.74.620.184.4;532.1.135

UTILIZATION OF POLYMER COMPOZITES BY HELP NATURE MATERIALS

Trufakina L. M.
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry SB RAS,634021, 4 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, Russia

Открыть реферат статьи
Problem of utilization of the polymer waste are actual today. There are different ways of utilization of the polymers. One of way is leading of the fillers different nature in the polymer.

Key words polymer composite, starch, moss, peat, sawdust.

Скачать статью 

UDC 626.86.631.6

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF RECONSTRUCTION OF RECLAMATION SYSTEMS

Abdrazakov F. K.
doctor of technical sciences, professor, head of department "Construction, heat and gas supply and energy supply", Saratov state agrarian university named N. I. Vavilova, Russia, 410012, Saratov, Teatralnaya Square, 1
Pomorova A. V.
candidate of economic sciences, associate professor of department "Construction, heat and gas supply and energy supply", Saratov state agrarian university named N. I. Vavilova, Russia, 410012, Saratov, Teatralnaya Square, 1
Nosenko A. V.
senior lecturer of department "Construction, heat and gas supply and energy supply", Saratov state agrarian university named N. I. Vavilova, Russia, 410012, Saratov, Teatralnaya Square, 1

Открыть реферат статьи
The article analyzes the main provisions of the justification of economic efficiency of projects of reconstruction of melioration systems. Identified the major sources of financing development projects of land reclamation in the Russian Federation.

Key words: reconstruction of reclamation systems, commercial efficiency, budget efficiency, social efficiency, principles of performance evaluation.

 Скачать статью

UDC 639.1 (571.55)

R. ARGUN SWIMMING POOL IN THE TRANSBAIKAL REGION: HUNTING RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY TERRITORY

Gurova O. N.
Scientific associate, Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russia
Mikheev I. E.
deputy Director of science, Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russia

 

Открыть реферат статьи
The article deals with hunting resources of the basin of the river Argun in the Trans-Baikal Territory, as well as environmental problems and threats to the animal world.

Key words: Trans-Baikal Territory, the basin of the river Argun, hunting resources, environmental risks.

 Скачать статью 

UDC 631.5, 581.9

INVASION OF BOREAL FLORA ELEMENTS IN ARCTIC YAKUTIA (VILLAGE TIKSI)

Nikolin Е. G.
doctor of biological Sciences, leading researcher, Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, Siberian branch of RAS, 677980, Russia, Yakutsk,, Lenin av., 41, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Yakshina I. A.
Deputy Director, State Nature Reserve Ust-Lensky, 678400, Russia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Bulunsky ulus, Tiksi, 678400, Akademika Fedorova st., 28, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
A review of the state of knowledge of the flora of the environs of the settlement of Tiksi (Yakutia). According to the latest N.A. Secretareva and A. K. Sytin, the composition of the flora of this settlement, there are 252 species of vascular plants, of which 8 are allen. Our work has allowed to expand the list of adventive flora of the territory at the 42 species. Most of the representatives of the newly found plants came here and has successfully adapted to the Arctic conditions of taiga ecosystems in Central Yakutia, with hay-forage for the animals.

Keywords: Yakutia, Tiksi, Arctic, invasion, vascular plants, allen plants.

 Скачать статью 

UDC 631.879.32

OPTIMIZATION OF RECYCLING OF WASTE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIA REFRACTORIES

Tarchigina N. F.
Candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, Moscow Polytechnic University, Russia, 105066, Moscow, ul. Old Basmannaya, 21/4, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
Currently all the more urgent becomes the problem of disposal of industrial waste and one of these wastes in the production of sintered periclase powder is the dust collected in the dust removal devices, which, for certain properties can find application in various industries. This paper shows some results of investigations of the properties of dust and the possibility of involving by-product into marketable products, thus reducing the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on nature and contributes to the improvement of the environmental situation.

Key words: caustic magnesite dust, waste production, recycling, research, fertilizers.

 Скачать статью 

UDC 633.35.632.15

SOME ACHIEVEMENTS ON BREEDING OF POTATO IN TAJIKISTAN

Partoev K.
doctor of agricultural science, main research specialist of molecular biology and biotechnology of the Institute of botany, plant physiology and genetic of Academy Science of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Открыть реферат статьи
In the conditions of Tajikistan within more than 10 years thanks to combinations of methods of traditional breeding and biotechnology are received new perspective varietyes of a potato, and also process of reception of the improved seed material is adjusted. On the basis of a combination of methods of breeding and biotechnology are received of new varietyes of a potato: Tajikistan, Rasht, Fajzabad, Dusti and Academies of Sciences-1 (АN-1), which on productivity exceed a standard variety Cardinal in 11–71 %. The new variety  of a potato Tajikistan, which planting in different areas of the Republic on the area more than 1500 hectares is especially high-yielding. Features, of this new variety still consists that unlike other varietyes of a potato in its tubers contains 3-5мг/% of the threevalent iron, so necessary element for a human body.

Key words: potato, breeding, biothecnology, seed growing, variety,  in-vitro, Tajikistan.

 Скачать статью 

UDC 574.474:504.73.74

DYNAMICS OF THE ORDER OF ECOSYSTEMS OF THE SOCHINSKY COAST IN THE ZONE OF REALIZATION OF THE OLYMPIC PROJECT

Scherbina V. G.
Candidate of biological sciences, Sochi branch of Natural and Technological Systems Institute, Russia, 354024, Sochi, Kurortny prospect, 99/18, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Belyuchenko I. St.
Doctor of biological sciences, professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinin Street, 13, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
An analysis of the temporal dynamics of the orderliness of the ecosystems of the Sochi coast in 2008-2016 in the zone of the project «Olympiad-2014». The forecasts of dynamics up to 2046 in ecosystems of mountain, foothill and coastal altitude are obtained.

Key words: Sochi coast, altitude levels, ecosystems, order, temporal dynamics, forecast.

 Скачать статью 

UDC 582:001.4(045)

FLORA OF THE AMUDARYA NATURE RESERVE OF TURKMENISTAN

Gorchakova A. Yu.
Candidate of biological sciences, Mordovian state pedagogical institute named after M. E. Evseyev, Saransk, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Sadykov K. A.
Mordovian state pedagogical institute named after M. E. Evseyev, Saransk, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study and analysis of the natural flora of flowering plants of the Amudarya nature reserve of Turkmenistan, including its taxonomic, biomorphological, ecological and phytocenotic characteristics.

Key words: flora, flowering plants, Amudarya nature reserve, Turkmenistan.

 Скачать статью 

UDC 626.8 (075)

THE USE OF POLYETHYLENE PIPING IN A CLOSED IRRIGATION NETWORK – THE KEY EFFECTIVE IRRIGATION

Abdrazakov F. K.
Doctor of technical sciences, professor, head of department "Construction, heat and gas supply and energy supply", Saratov state agrarian university named N. I. Vavilova, Russia, 410012, Saratov, Teatralnaya Square, 1
Povarov A. V.
Candidate of technical sciences, associate professor of department "Construction, heat and gas supply and energy supply", Saratov state agrarian university named N. I. Vavilova, Russia, 410012, Saratov, Teatralnaya Square, 1

Открыть реферат статьи
The article reviewed the status of closed irrigation systems in the Saratov region. Analyzed the most common defects in steel pipelines of irrigation systems and the advantages of application of PE pipelines for supply of water for irrigation of agricultural land.

Key words: drainage system, irrigated lands, closed irrigation network, plastic pipe, contactheat welding.

 Скачать статью

UDC 631.821:631.8:631.445.25:631.559:631.582

APPLICATION OF LIME AND FERTILIZERS IN CROP ROTATION UNDER PREBAIKAL CONDITIONS

Djachenko E. N.
Ph. D. in Agriclture, Head of the laboratory of Agrochemistry and plant protection, Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Agriculture (Pivovarikha settlement, Irkutsk, Irkutsk region, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. )
Dmitriev N. N.
Ph. D. in biology, Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture in Irkutsk region. Russia, Irkutsk region, Irkutsk, Gorky str., 31 а, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Shevelyov A. T.
Research worker. Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Agriculture (Pivovarikha settlement, Irkutsk, Irkutsk region, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
The complex estimate of the efficiency of mineral fertilizers, lime and green manures in crop rotation on gray forest acid soils was given. Liming promoted to steady decline in soil acidity, аnd systematic application of green manures and mineral fertilizers gave a true rise in humus content and common nitrogen in the soil. In the fourth rotation productivity of rotation grew by 3,1–7,0 c gr. un./hа with payback 1 kg active substance of fertilizers 9–13 kg gr. un. per 1 kg active substance and 1 t lime 2–3 c.

Keywords: gray forest soil, crop rotation, mineral fertilizers, green manure, liming, agrochemical properties, productivity.

 Скачать статью 

UDC 631.584.5 (063)

SOIL MESOFAUNA IN PURE AND POLY SPECIES SEEDING OF AGROLANDSCAPES OF SOUTHERN TAJIKISTAN

Belyuchenko I. S.
doctor of biological sciences, professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Closely connected crops with multiple cuttings per year, composed of several species of plants, forming multiplecut and allow the use of soil fertility. The difference between the technologies of crops preparation reveals that productivity process is determined by interspecies relationships and environmental biological principles of their formation at a similar theoretical basis.

Keywords: emergence,  low and high temperature, grass mixtures, shoots formation, rhizomes, bulbs. 

 Скачать статью

UDC 631.879.42

COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF FILLERS FOR PRODUCTION ORGANIC COMPOSTS

Teuchezh A. A.
candidate of biological sciences, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, st.Kalinina, 13, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
The article discusses the composition and properties of fillers to produce a variety of composts. Since the main vlagopoglotiteli material in the Krasnodar region is the straw we rassmatrivaemymi composition and nutritional value and content of plant nutrients in straw. Straw – nongrain part of the harvest. It is the leaves and stalks left after threshing of crops. Straw length ranges from 0.3 to 1.8 m depending on culture, cultivar, weather conditions during the growing season, application of fertilizers and preparations for regulating plant height. Straw crops, as a rule, softer and less durable, so it is used for feed purposes. Also the composition and properties of the phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum – largetonnage waste when manufacturing superphosphate acid. Phosphogypsum is a calcium-sulphur-phosphorus gidroliticheski neutral fertilizer. It can serve as an additional source of exchangeable calcium on the soil, but the lime can not be replaced. The use of phosphogypsum for making compost one way of reducing its stockpiles.

Key words: manure, organic fertilizers, compost, fillers, production, composition, properties, fertilizers.

 Скачать статью

UDC 631.6.02

AGROLANDSCAPES AND PROBLEM OF PROTECTING ITS SOILS

Belyuchenko I. S.
doctor of biological sciences, professor, Kuban state agrarian university named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
The protection of soils in agrolandscapes is determined by the influence of various compounds on them. Soils have different content of humus, nitrogen, calcium and other elements, including heavy metals, capable of cumulating organic and mineral substances in the products of various crops, the pollution of which is caused by imbalance in the soil-plant system. Preparation and using of complex compost in agrolandscape significantly improves its physical, chemical and biological properties, taking into account the balance of heavy metals and transformation of upper layer of soils.

Key words: monitoring, heavy metals, agrolandscape, resource-producing functions, buffering of soil, metal mobility, humus decomposition.

Скачать статью