THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Registration certificate ПИ № ФС 77-21756, reg. 30.08.2005
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Science and Theory Journal
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2019, V. 15, № 1
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Founded in 2005
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Published 4 times a year
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C O N T E N T
UDC 631.4
METHODS OF RECULTIVATION OF DISTURBED LANDS
Belyuchenko I. S.
professor, doctor of biological sciences, Kuban state agrarian university named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinina street, 13,
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The problem of wastes and environmental pollution has become global and is leading humanity to an ecological disaster. Large areas that are occupied by waste in the form of landfills and landfills require solution in the Krasnodar territory. Planned work on land reclamation in the region began in 1968. However, in subsequent years, land restoration slowed down significantly, but urgency of this problem remained. Since the terms of exploitation of places of accumulation of waste, mineral deposits, dumps, etc. are limited, many areas need urgent recultivation. A review of modern technologies for the reclamation of disturbed lands for various purposes (solid waste landfills, former deposits, dumps, quarry excavations, etc.) is given in the article. Planning and cultivation of disturbed lands, especially the final stage of biological remediation, depend on the degree of disturbance of soil cover, chemical composition and structure of substrate of disturbed area, as well as on directions of subsequent use of cultivated areas. Therefore, a scientific approach and consideration of specifics of measures based on preliminary assessments and analyzes are necessary. Biological reclamation is the most important and vulnerable stage of reclamation, since plant survival depends on the proper selection of resistant tree and shrub species and grassy plants. Recommendations on the use of such species in different types of disturbed lands are given in the article.
Key words: reclamation, landfills, dumps, production of rocks, quarry excavations, planning, land cultivation, biological reclamation, restoration of biodiversity, species composition of reclaiming plants.
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UDC 574.42. 546.791
INFLUENCE OF MINING ENTERPRISES ON SOIL COVER IN THE VILLAGE OF MIN-KUSH
Zhumaliev T. N.
National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Institute of Biology, Kyrgyz. Republic Bishkeksity, ChuiAve. 265
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This article examines the impact of mining enterprises and their waste in the village of Min-Kush on the ecological situation of the region. Buried waste in tailing dumps, stockpiled and unrecultivated dumps in natural and man-made provinces have the greatest impact on soil contamination. The analysis of the negative impact of waste on soil and on the environment as a whole was carried out. The possibility of using waste in agriculture as a mineral fertilizer is shown.
Key words: waste, dumps, tailings, soil, environment, impact.
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UDC 547.665.9
ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION NEXT WITH OBJECTS OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
Halimbekova A. M.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Dagestan state university of National Economy, Russian Federation, Republic of Dagestan, 367008, Makhachkala, Jamalutdin Ataev street, 5.
Kazanbekova A. A.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Dagestan state university of National Economy, Russian Federation, Republic of Dagestan, 367008, Makhachkala, Jamalutdin Ataev street, 5
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The objects of oil and gas production occupy a leading position as a source of environmental pollution, and environmental problems begin already at the stage of extraction of raw materials. Annual damage to pipelines causes great damage to nature. For example, up to 15,000 hectares of land are violated annually. The economic damage is about 14 billion dollars. The most dangerous pollutants are heavy metals and salt solutions. The main pollutants of soil and water are various reagents and solutions during drilling. This requires strict validity of the designed objects at the level of expert opinion. The article is devoted to assessment of effects of pollutants of oil and gas production facilities on soil and water at different stages of oil production.
Key words: oil and gas production, pollutants, soil, water, drilling waste.
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UDC 631.816, 634.864. 445.4
CHANGE IN PHOSPHORUS REGIME OF GREY-BROWN SOILS UNDER AN INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION
Gurbanova Z. R.
Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
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The results of two-year investigation on change of phosphorus regime in grey-brown soils of Ganja-Gazakh plain under an influence of irrigation are performed in the given work. It is established that phosphorus possesses minor migration ability and doesn’t practically move from the place of bringing down on soil profile, transformation occurs essentially lesser than nitrogen. The conclusions of the laboratorial analyses show that phosphorus content of the first and second groups gets increased since an old time irrigation, but a quantity of phosphorus acid of the third group, on the contrary is the most on the top and low stratums of virgin lands and the less – in the grey-brown 60 year irrigation. Organic phosphorus (the forth groups) is more in the virgin land and somewhat less in the irrigative soils, this is explained that higher productivity of the irrigative agrocenosis and high removal of cotton nutrients. Consequently, fertility of both plowing and low stratums in the grey-brown soils rises under an influence of 60 – year irrigation and high agrotechnics.
Key words: grey-brown soil, arid condition, phosphorus regime, phosphorus, nitrogen, irrigation, removal nutrients.
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UDC 631.6
İRRIGATION OF SALINE LANDS WITH ACTIVATED COLLECTOR-DRAINAGE WATER ACTIVATED IN THE MAGNETIC FIELD
Iskenderov M. Y.
Dphil of Agriculture, Azerbaijan Scientific Production Association “Water engineering and Amelioration”, Azerbaijan, Baku
Mustafayev M. G.
Doctor of Agrarian Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan Republic Institute of Soil Science and Aqrochemistry, Azerbaijan, Baku,
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The issues related the results of investigations on irrigation of saline lands with collector-drainage water activated in the magnetic field, salinization at the depth of one meter till and after washing soil with sweet water, ion content of toxic salt, dynamics of mineralization degree of ground and drainage water in test and control variants are being analyzed in the article. It is determined that, collector-drainage water activated in the magnetic field, could be used for removing toxic salt in the lands with high water permeability in Mughan steppe. Giving washing water for flushing below the rate for 2–3 times could save sweet water resources.
Key words. Collector-drainage waters, magnetic field, water deficiency, environment, flushing, drainage.
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UDC 63.631.867
INFLUENCE OF INTRODUCTION OF COMPOST ON THE BASIS OF CATTLE MANURE AND PHOSPHOGIPS ON DYNAMICS IN SOIL OF HEAVY METALS
Teuchezh A. A.
associate professor, candidate of biological sciences, Kuban state agrarian university named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinina street, 13,
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Gukalov V. N.
doctor of agricultural sciences, head of Municipal formation of the Leningrad Region, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Leningradskaya, Chernyshevsky street, 179,
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The effect of introduction of compost on the dynamics in the soil of heavy metals is considered in this article. An active search for ways to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil cover and reduce the MPC level of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil cover and plant mass has been carried out in the last 3-4 years. In our studies, we focused on some features of the distribution of heavy metals in the soil when introducing compost prepared by mixing cattle manure and phosphogypsum in a ratio of 50 and 5 tons, respectively. The data obtained show that the introduction of compost, in the composition of which approximately 10% of phosphogypsum, determined the tendency to increase the content of heavy metals in the soil and, above all, their total quantities. The content of mobile forms for the studied variants as a whole varied slightly. In 2017, the study of the content of heavy metals in the period of wheat harvesting in the soil and in grain was continued. The content of heavy metals in the soil in the experimental version has slightly changed in the direction of increasing their total content. A decrease of content of their mobile forms was also noted. Estimation of content of heavy metals in the upper soil layer with the introduction of compost showed that mobile forms of metals are at a level close to control and there is a tendency to some decrease in the content of zinc and cadmium. Thus, introduction of compost from organic fertilizers and phosphogypsum can contribute to slight increase in content of total forms of heavy metals in the upper soil layer. However, this is within the limits of experience error and is comparable to control. An important criterion for significance of our research is results of determining the concentration of heavy metals in the grain of winter wheat. A tendency to increase the concentration of heavy metals compared with the control was noted in the first year of harvesting. In the second year, the share of most heavy metals decreased compared with the control variant.
Key words: compost, manure, phosphogypsum, agrolandscape system, organic fertilizers, cattle, heavy metals, soil cover, grain of winter wheat.
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UDC 631.416 (575.2)
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF HM CONTENT IN THE SOILS OF THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE EASTERN ISSYK-KUL REGION
Kenzhebaeva A. V.
senior lecturer of the Department of ecology and environmental protection of the Kyrgyz national agrarian University K. I Skryabin, Mederov street 68, 720005,
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The gross content of copper, lead and cadmium and their mobile forms in the soils of the coastal zone of the Eastern Issyk-Kul region was studied. Methods of determination of heavy metals: emission-spectral and spectral atomic absorption. The assessment of soil pollution is given. Exceedances of Clark in soils were found by the gross amount of lead and cadmium. In some areas, concentrations of lead and copper were higher than the limit permissible values, and cadmium was lower than normal. For all elements ex-tracted with acetate-ammonium buffer solution with pH 4.8, the content did not exceed approximately valid concentration.
Key words: copper, lead, cadmium, gross content, mobile forms, limit permissible concentrations, approximately valid concentration, сlark, soils.
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UDC 631.862.2.:631.333.92
DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY IN ANIMAL BREEDING
Kirov Y. A.
doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Agricultural Machines and Mechanization of Livestock; FSBEI of HE "Samar State Agricultural Academy", Russia, 446442, Samara Region, urban settlement of Ust-Kinelsky, Uchebnaya St., 1;
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Sychev A. S.
postgraduate Student, Department of Agricultural Machines and Mechanization of Livestock; FSBEI of HE "Samara State Academy of Agriculture", Russia, 446442, Samara region, n. t. t. Ust-Kinelsky, ul. Uchebnaya, 1,
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Boreev A. A.
postgraduate Student, Department of Agricultural Machines and Mechanization of Livestock; FSBEI of HE "Samara State Academy of Agriculture", Russia, 446442, Samara region, n. t. t. Ust-Kinelsky, ul. Uchebnaya, 1,
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The functional diagram of the process of processing and disposal of manure effluents is given. A new technological scheme of the line for separating manure into solid and liquid fractions has been developed. The efficiency of using the proposed line scheme in the technological process of disposal of manure effluent is given. Developed engineering and technical means for the separation of manure into fractions. The dependence of the quality of separation of manure effluent into fractions on the design-mode parameters of technical equipment and the degree of their influence on the ecological and technical safety of livestock breeding complexes have been determined.
Key words: utilization, manure drains, cleaning, ecological and technical safety.
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UDC 579.695; 546.85; 502.55; 661.63
DESCRIPTION OF MICROBIAL STRAINS, RESISTANT TO WHITE PHOSPHORUS. A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE
Mindubaev A. Z.
State Budgetary-Funded Institution of Science A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences
Voloshina A. D.
State Budgetary-Funded Institution of Science A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences
Akosah Y. A.
Kazan (Volga region) federal university, Kazan
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In previous publications, we were able to observe for the first time the biological detoxication of the dangerous ecotoxicant – white phosphorus. A group of microorganisms that carry out its biodegradation has already been identified. Hence, it is logical to transition further to the description of the morphology and properties of these microbial cultures, which will in turn lead to their deposition and patenting. In this publication, we report on the morphological and to some extent, the biochemical description of fungal and streptomycetes strains, with which we worked. Their taxonomic relationship and typical representatives of the genera are also presented. In parallel, their resistance to white phosphorus was studied. According to the preliminary data, A. niger AM1’s resistance to white phosphorus is anchored in its genome.
Key words: white phosphorus, Aspergillus niger АМ1, Aspergillus niger АМ2, Streptomyces sp. A8, morphological description, taxonomy.
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UDC 004.94
ABOUT SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO DEFINITION OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE COMPENSATION ACTIONS FOR COMPENSATION OF DAMAGE TO WATER BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL FEATURES OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS OF AZOVO-CHERNOMORSKOGO OF THE FISHERY BASIN
Denisenko O. S.
Candidate of biological sciences, vice president limited liability companies "Azov-Black Sea Scientific Center for Fisheries Research", Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, st. Apricot 554,
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In article the problems connected with planning and implementation of actions for compensation of damage to water bioresources and the environment of their dwelling in the Azovo-Chernomorsky fishery basin are covered. The modern normative and legal base in the field of preservation of water biological resources and implementation of compensation actions for compensation of damage to water biological resources with the detailed description stipulated by the legislation the Russian Federation of recovery actions is analyzed: artificial reproduction and acclimatization (reacclimatization) of water bioresources, amelioration of water bodies for fish culture of water objects, creation new, expansions or modernizations of the existing production capacities. Statistical data on the amounts of financing of actions for artificial reproduction of water bioresources at the expense of compensation means are provided. Need is proved and the package of measures for increase in efficiency of compensation actions for indemnification is offered water bioresources in the territory of the Azovo-Chernomorsky fishery basin.
Key words: compensation actions, water bioresources, Azovo-Cнernomorskiy fishery basin, economic activity, artificial reproduction, valuable species of fish, natural food reserve.
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UDC 674.8
THE PRODUCTION OF ARBOLITA FROM WASTE CYLINDRICAL SHAPING OF LOGS IN THE LABORATORY
Zotov D. A.
master's degree student of the Institute of forest and nature management of Volga state technical University, Russia, 424000, Yoshkar-Ola, Lenin square, 3,
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Valentina K. F.
candidate of technical Sciences, associate Professor of the Department of woodworking industries (DOP), Volga state technical University, Russia, 424000, Yoshkar-Ola, Lenin square, 3,
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In the process of logs cylindrical many wastes are generated, such as bark, wood chips, crushed wood, sawdust, etc.Proper use and recycling of waste will not only reduce the load on the environment, but also increase the useful yield of wood. One of the ways to recycle the waste of the cylinder is the production of arbolite, which is considered in the work.
Keywords: wood composite material, structural material, arbolite, waste processing.
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UDC 550.7
BIOGCOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS OF EAST ASIAN CULTIVATED PLANTS
Ivashov Petr V.
doctor of Geological and Minerological sciences; Professor, Honouered Scientist of the Russian Federation; Senior Researcher, Institute of Water and Ecological Problems FEB RAS; 680000, Russia, Khabarovsk, Kim Yu Chen str., 65;
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The levels of heavy metals in the fruits of East Asian cultivated plants have been established. Bioobjects that can be used as indicators during biogeochemical monitoring of the environment are identified.
Key words: biogeochemistry, fruits of plants, heavy metals, biogeochemical monitoring.
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UDC 332.711
NATIONAL ACCOUNTING IS A DIGITAL LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL IN TECHNOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE REGION
lferov A. E.
applicant, Kurgan branch of Institute of Economics UB RAS,
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Kremlev N. D.
cand. ekon. sciences, professor, Perm branch of Institute of Economics UB RAS, Kurgan,
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In article questions of account and measurement of the level of development of technological ways of the region with use of methodology of system of national accounts are considered. The maintenance of concepts is specified: "technological way", "national account" and also other categories participating in reflection of sustainable development of regions of the country. Methodical approach of improvement of tools of knowledge of major factors of reflection of the level of development of technological ways for ensuring stability of development of the region is offered. The periodization of development of technological ways of regions of the country is developed. Assessment of level of development of technological ways and stability of the territory on the example of economy of the Kurgan region the Offered technique is carried out has been used at assessment of the Kurgan region within development "The concept of development of productive forces of the Kurgan region until 2030".
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UDC 574.3
INFLUENCE OF ORGANOMINERAL COMPOST ON THE POPULATION OF MICROTUS ARVALIS IN CROPS OF WINTER WHEAT
Nikiforenko Yu. Yu.
Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, 13, ulitsa Kalinina, 350044, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, e-mail:
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Melnik O. A.
Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, 13, ulitsa Kalinina, 350044, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, e-mail:
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One of the main pests of agricultural crops are Ordinary voles (Microtus arvalis) from the Rodentia squad. They cause the greatest harm to cereal crops, using as a green part of plants, and underground organs and grain. Current methods of fighting rodent mice are ineffective and require the introduction of new solutions to this problem. The results of the production experience laid on the territory of the agrarian landscape of JSC «Zavety Ilyich» of Leningradsky district of the Krasnodar territory in order to reduce the spread of voles in fields of crop rotation are discussed in the article. Counting of burrows of mouselike rodents was carried out on the experimental field during the growth of winter wheat on variants (control, manure, complex compost). The positive effect of complex compost, based on the manure of cattle and phosphogypsum, on the population of mouselike rodents was revealed. It has been established that the number of burrows in sections of experimental variant with complex compost is much lower, compared with the control and manure of cattle (both in winter and in summer periods). In addition, it was found that complex compost exerts its effect within 3-4 years after its introduction into the soil, which is confirmed by low numbers of pests of cereal crops. The positive effect of using complex compost is probably related to its component composition, namely the presence of phosphogypsum. This chemical waste, firstly, contributes to the acidification of the soil environment, and, secondly, it contains a large amount of sulfur in its composition, which negatively affects the quality of food for rodents. In addition, the features of the mechanical composition of phosphogypsum (the crystalline forms of its particles), interfere with the digging activity of animals. Such a method of combating agricultural pests using complex compost is very simple, environmentally safe, and economically effective, compared to the currently used methods of deratization.
Key words: ordinary field-voles, population size, grain crops, agrarian landscape, complex compost, manure cattle, phosphogypsum, chemical waste.
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UDC 631.879.32:[631.468:633.11«324»
THE CONSEQUENCES OF COMPLEX COMPOST ON SOIL MESOFAUNA AND PROPERTIES OF THE CHERNOZEME OF THE GENERAL
Nikiforenko Yu. Yu.
Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, 13, ulitsa Kalinina, 350044, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, e-mail:
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This article provides materials for research on the aftermath of complex compost on sugar beet crops in the fifth year after laying the field experience. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the fauna in the soils of the economy of OAO Zavety Ilyich of the Leningradsky District of the Krasnodar Territory has been revealed and the transformation of its main groups under the influence of complex compost has been studied. The effect of complex compost on the physical and agrochemical properties of ordinary chernozem is determined. The expediency and prospects of using complex compost on ordinary chernozem to improve its ecological properties and maintain its favorable condition for agricultural crops and soil invertebrates for 5 years after application have been proved. The basic soil characteristics that determine the quality of the habitat for soil animals have been studied. A technology has been developed and introduced for the use of industrial and agricultural wastes as part of a complex compost on ordinary chernozem in the regulation of acidity, the content of organic matter, nitrogen, etc. Conducting research in dynamics allowed us to identify not only a onetime effect, but also the tendencies of the aftereffect of applied substances and thereby substantiate the regularity and norms of their use to ensure the sustainable functioning and reproduction of soil resources.
Key words: complex compost, waste, soil mesofauna, ordinary chernozem, soil properties, sugar beet, aftereffect.
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INFORMATION ABOUT NEW BOOK: D.S. DZYBOV "VEGETATION OF THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY",
Stavropol : AGRUS, 2018. – 492 p. + 56 s. color incl., circulation of 100 copies.
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