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THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021

Scientific and Theoretical Journal

2025, Vol. 21, № 1 

Founded in 2005

Published quarterly

 C O N T E N T S

 Our Losses

KRIVOROTOV SERGEY BORISOVICH (1955–2025)

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On January 18, 2025, passed away Sergey Borisovich Krivorotov, Executive Secretary and Editor of «The North Caucasus Ecological Herald».

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 Applied Ecology

METHODS OF INCREASING CARBON DEPOSITION IN SUGAR BEET PHYTOCENOSIS

R.R. Ismagilov1, S.V. Evgrafov2, R.R. Alimgafarov2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa State Petroleum Technological University», Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Agrarian University», Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa

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Annotation. The aim of the study was to assess the ability of sugar beet phytocenosis to absorb carbon dioxide, accumulate carbon in biomass and sequester carbon in the soil and to determine the influence of the variety and cultivation techniques on carbon deposition. The object of the study is sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris convar. saccharifera Alef.). Field studies were carried out in the Agrocomplex «Avilat» and «Raevsky» LLC (Republic of Bashkortostan). The article presents the results of determining the indicators of photosynthetic activity, biomass of different parts of plants, the amount of absorbed carbon dioxide, the volume of deposited carbon by sugar beet hybrids, including during irrigation and the use of liquid mineral fertilizers. It has been established that the main volume of carbon deposited by the sugar beet phytocenosis is accumulated in root crops (74.0–75.4 %), the rest in leaves (23.2–24.0 %), lateral roots and the tail part of the root crop (1.4–2.0 %). Most of the deposited carbon (74–75 %) is removed from the field by root crops, only 25–26% is sequestered in the soil. Effective measures to increase the volume of carbon deposited by the sugar beet phytocenosis in the pre-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan are irrigation and cultivation of highly productive hybrids. These techniques allow increasing carbon deposition by 39.1 and 20.8 %, respectively.

Keywords: sugar beet, biomass, carbon sequestration and sequestration

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PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES

A.S. Berezneva
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia. Krasnodar

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Annotation. The objective of this article is to identify the impact of the applied agricultural technologies on the physiological bases of winter wheat plants. This analysis allows us to trace the dynamics of winter wheat yield formation based on the results obtained. The study was conducted in the fields of the experimental sta-tion of the Kuban State Agrarian University in the zone of unstable moisture. The yield was recorded in the phase of full grain maturity by direct combining using the Terrion 2010 combine, model 50, over the entire accounting area of each plot. During harvesting, 3–4 kg samples were taken to determine the level of weed infestation and grain moisture. The experiment was repeated three times. The results of the study showed that winter wheat plants grown using improved technologies, on average, form a larger assimilating surface, increase plant biomass and increase the duration of photosynthetic activity of the leaf apparatus. There was revealed a close correlation dependence between the studied physiological parameters and the applied agri-cultural technologies, which were characterized by a high correlation coefficient. The data obtained during the study can be used in developing methods for monitoring the physiological state of winter wheat crops throughout the growing season, as well as for assessing its yield.

Keywords: winter wheat, cultivation technologies, yield, assimilation surface area, photosynthetic potential

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ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIATOMITE IN REDUCING THE ECOTOXICITY OF COPPER AND ITS MOBILITY IN SOIL

O.N. Tsapovskaya1, D.V. Vinogradov2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin», Russia, Ulyanovsk, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev», Russia, Ryazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Annotation. The article presents the results of studying the effect of diatomite on copper mobility in soil and assessing the effectiveness of its use as a detoxifier. It was found that the introduction of copper sulfate was accom-panied by a reliable increase in copper mobility in the soil solution, especially in the variant with 10 MAC Cu and amounted to 0.86 mg/kg, which is almost 4.5 times higher than the control variant. When diato-mite was introduced as a detoxifier, the amount of mobile copper did not exceed the initial level and was within 0.10-0.36 mg/kg, which is almost 10 times less than its maximum allowable concentrations in the soil (3 mg/kg) and thereby allowed to reduce the copper content in the arable layer.

Keywords: copper soil pollution, diatomite, detoxifier, maximum allowable copper concentrations, environmentally safe products

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ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOTOXICITY OF WASTE AND COMPOSTS BASED ON PIG MANURE

D.A. Antonenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

 

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Annotation. The article presents the results of determining the phytotoxicity of waste from animal husbandry, food and chemical industries (pig manure, grape pomace and phosphogypsum). Wheat seeds were used as a test object. The phytotoxicity of the substrates was determined using the phytotoxicity index (PTI). It was found that phosphogypsum and grape pomace in their pure form are unsuitable as a substrate for growing wheat. They slow down and impair plant development. Thus, the PTI was: phosphogypsum - 0.36 and pomace - 0.24, which characterizes the substrate as toxic. According to the PTI, pig manure can be classified as a substrate of medium toxicity (PTI 0.50-0.70). However, an assessment of the phytotoxicity of composts based on these wastes showed that a combination of phosphogypsum or grape pomace with pig manure in a ratio of 10:1, respectively, has a stimulating effect on plant growth and development.

Keywords: phytotoxicity, pig manure, grape pomace, phosphogypsum, phytotoxicity index, wheat, sprouts, germination, morphometric parameters, compost

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RESPONSIVENESS OF FLORAL AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS TO BIO PREPARATIONS AND GROWTH REGULATORS

T.V. Knyazeva, A.S. Berezneva, A.A. Medvedenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

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Annotation. The study was devoted to the study of the effects of biological preparations Nagro and Extrasol, as well as the growth stimulant Epin-extra on the decorative qualities of a number of garden plants. Hybrid petunia of the Snow Globe variety, annual aster of the Erfurt dwarf rose variety, narrowleaved zinnia of the Persian Carpet variety, tagetes erect of the Lemon Prince variety took part in the experiment. In addition, the effect of the Kornevin preparation on the rooting of cuttings of ornamental shrubs of spirea acuminata and hydrangea largeleaved, as well as cuttings of flower crops of fuchsia hybrid variety Marinka and pelargonium zonal variety Artic Princess was studied. The obtained results demonstrated the positive effect of the studied drugs on the growth, development and decorative qualities of the studied plants.

Keywords: ornamental plants, biopreparations, growth regulators, nagro, extrasol, root, epin-extra, decorativeness, rooting

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Biodiversity and Bioresources

TO THE STUDY OF THE VEGETATION COVER OF THE PLANNED SPECIALLY PRO-TECTED NATURAL AREA «ESTUARIES AND FLOODPLAINS COMPLEX
«KIRPIL-SKIE PLAVNI»

S.B. Krivorotov, O.A. Shumkova, A.I. Melchenko, M.S. Ivanchenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

 

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Annotation. As a result of the botanical and geobotanical studies of the planned specially protected natural area «Limanno-plavnevy complex «Kirpilskie Plavni», the vegetation cover was described, a floristic list was compiled, a population of a rare protected plant species was identified, and the composition of lichen biota and mycobiota in the plant communities of the area was determined. The taxonomic composition of higher plants includes 402 species from 75 families, of which 308 species (75,9 %) are dicotyledons, 94 species (23,2 %) are monocotyledons, horsetails, ferns are few in number and are represented by 1-3 species. Mycobiota is represented by 3 species of fungi, lichen biota by 24 species of epiphytic lichens.

Keywords: plant communities, protected species, Red Book of Krasnodar, floristic composition, mycobiota, lichen biota

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BIOPRODUCTIVITY OF PHACELIA IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF VEGETATION

E.V. Panin, E.A. Vysotskaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after». Emperor Peter I, Russia, Voronezh

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Annotation. In the conditions of the Central Black Soil Region, the use of two varieties of phacelia, Natalia and Uslada, was studied to increase the bioproductivity of agrophytocenoses. The studied varieties have dif-ferent periods of budding and flowering, which can be used to prolong the flowering period, and there-fore to increase nectar and honey productivity, as well as to design a honey conveyor. The data obtained confirmed reliable differences in the interphase periods of budding and flowering in the varieties Natalia and Uslada and the possibility of creating a honey conveyor. The increase in the bioresource potential of the territory is also associated with the fact that by the time of incorporation of phacelia as green manure, the interphase periods of development are leveled, which allows saving on fuel and reduces the environ-mental load on the studied agroecosystem. The paper also includes an analysis of climatic indicators (hydrothermal coefficient, annual precipitation and temperature) and their influence on the duration of interphase periods, as well as on the yield and bioproductivity of phacelia of the studied varieties and their combination. High correlation dependencies between interphase periods (budding, flowering and the beginning of seed ripening) and the hydrothermal coefficient, total precipitation were obtained. An average correlation dependence of all the studied phases was obtained with temperature. The biomass of phacelia reaches its maximum values during the beginning of seed ripening; therefore it is economically feasible to carry out the plant plowing precisely during this period.

Keywords: phacelia, varieties Natalia and Uslada, interphase periods of growth, phacelia shoots, budding, flowering, beginning of seed ripening

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ECOLOGY AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF DRAGONFLY LARVAE (ODONATA) IN THE PLAIN ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS

S.G. Kozminov1, S.K. Cherchesova2, E.A. Krapivina1
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov», Russia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «North Ossetian State University named after Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov», Russia, North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz

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Annotation. Distribution of dragonfly larvae, study of their ecology and adaptive features are important for understanding the ontogenesis of production processes in water bodies and for biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. Collection and processing of the material were carried out according to generally accepted ecological and biological methods in natural water bodies of the flat zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in the altitude range of 150-450 m above sea level. The taxonomic composition and ecological features of dragonfly larvae were established. The larval populations include 27 taxa: Zygoptera (11 species), Anisoptera (15 species), Caloptera (1 species). The population of dragonfly larvae is determined by the conditions (complexes) of abiotic and biotic environmental factors. The temper-ature regime, long vegetation period (April-September) provide stable conditions for successful completion of the development cycle from egg to imago during metamorphosis and the presence of many age cohorts. Dominant species are identified. The composition of the populations of dragonfly larvae in the plain zone depends on a set of conditions of aquatic biotopes: temperature dynamics, quantitative and qualitative composition of the natural food supply, physical and chemical composition of water, diversity and types of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation.

Keywords: Odonata, dragonfly larvae, composition, distribution, ecological features, environmental factors, plain, Central Caucasus

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Monitoring of Ecological Systems

RESTORATION OF VEGETATION COVER OF THE TERRITORY AFTER ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

A.O. Ragimov, N.V. Chugai, E.M. Shenterova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov», Russia, Vladimir

 

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Annotation. On the territory of Vladimir region the peculiarities of restoration of vegetation at the early stages of development on the site of logging in Petushinsky district were studied, which allowed to estimate the distribution of different-aged and complex stands and herbaceous vegetation on the territory under study. Using the methods accepted in forest taxation, within the boundaries of logging the plant formations were counted and changes in the species diversity of plants of phytocenoses were determined. It was es-tablished that silver birch (Betula pendula), smallleaved linden (Tilia cordata), common rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) actively settle. The key plants of the ground cover on logging sites are edificator plants, which play a leading role in the formation of the structure and functioning of the ecosystem, being also the main producers of phytocenoses.

Keywords: clear cutting, vegetation, soil cover, forest, reforestation

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PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

L.M. Onishchenko, A.A. Belozor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia. Krasnodar

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Annotation. In the zone of unstable moisture and uneven moisture, long-term observations of the use of a mineral fertilization system for field crops in an 11-field grain-grass-row crop rotation on leached chernozem revealed changes in soil properties. Indicators of the amount of absorbed bases and the degree of soil saturation with bases decreased. The use of mineral fertilizers, which, during plant nutrition, exhibit physiological acidity, contribute to changes in physicochemical properties. Plant (stubble and root) residues and the absence of organic fertilizers during crop rotation contribute to the dehumification of soil organic matter and the formation of the most mobile humus fractions, which have a more acidic reaction.

Keywords: fertilizers, acidity, humus, soil, black soil, crop rotation

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AGROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOD-PODZOLIC SANDY LOAM SOILS WITH MINERAL SYSTEM OF POTATO FERTILIZATION

E.T. Akopjanyan, V.I. Titova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotech-nological University named after L.Ya. Florentyev», Russia, Nizhny Novgorod

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Annotation. The paper presents the authors’ data on the processing of the results of an agrochemical survey of sod-podzolic soils of one of the potato farms in the Nizhny Novgorod region, carried out by the CAS «Nizhe-gorodsky», on plots where potatoes were grown in 2011-2022 in accordance with the alternation of crops in grain crop rotation. It was found that, in general, according to a set of indicators from the group of agrochemical (humus content, pH of salt extract and the degree of base saturation, as well as the provision of soils with microelements) and environmental (content of pollutants - heavy metals, arsenic and oil products) it can be stated that sod-podzolic soils of sandy loam granulometric composition, used in potato growing with a mineral fertilization system at an average annual rate of about 200 kg a.i./ha, retain resistance to anthropogenic impact, both technogenic and chemical.

Keywords: sod-podzolic soil, monitoring, fertility indicators, resistance to impact, heavy metals, microelements

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ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION FEATURES OF MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN PLANT RAW MATERIALS GERANIUM SYLVATICUM L.

L.R. Vardanyan, T.V. Vandunts, S.A. Hayrapetyan, G.O. Torosyan
Goris State University, Republic of Armenia, Gori

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Annotation. The present study is devoted to the analysis of macro- and microelement composition of vegetative parts and flowers of Geranium sylvaticum L. (forest geranium), as well as the soil where it grows. The object of the study was dried vegetative organs and flowers of wild Geranium sylvaticum, collected in July 2023 in the Syunik region of Armenia. Soil was simultaneously sampled from the sampling sites of plant raw materials. The content of 6 macroelements and 26 microelements in the samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The features of element accumulation in different parts of the plant were revealed and the relationships between the elemental composition of the soil and plant material were established. The results show that G. sylvaticum is an accumulator of some elements, such as calcium and molybdenum. Differences in the concentrations of elements between the vegetative parts and flowers of the plant were found, which reflects their specific physiological functions. It was found that vegetative organs are a good calcium accumulator. Potassium, phosphorus and sulfur are also accumulated here. It was shown that flowers accumulate potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium in the greatest quantities. Such differences are associated with the physiological needs of plants and the processes of element absorption from the soil. It is noted that the high content of potassium and phosphorus in flowers should be associated with the importance of these elements for the generative development of the plant. The study contributes to the understanding of biogeochemical processes and can be of practical importance in the field of phytoindication and phytoremediation, as well as in the use of plant raw materials as a medicine.

Keywords: Geranium sylvaticum, macroelements, microelements, ICP-OES, bioaccumulation, soil, plant materials

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BIOINDICATION OF AIR POLLUTION IN TIMASHEVSK BY MEANS OF LICHENS

O.A. Melnik, I.P. Melnik
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin", Russia, Krasnodar

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Annotation. The article presents the results of air pollution assessment in Timashevsk using the lichenindication method. Functional zoning of the urban environment was carried out, where test sites were laid for the research. In each functional zone of the city, the species composition of lichens was determined and, as a result, the poleotolerance index (IP) was calculated, which allows determining the zone by the degree of air pollution with an approximate concentration of SO2 in it. Based on the calculations, it was noted that all zones of Timashevsk are in the critical zone according to the degree of air pollution, in accordance with the IP values (7.6–8.5). At the same time, the highest average IP value (8.2) was noted in the engineering and industrial zone, which is only 1.04 times higher than the IP values in other zones of the city (7.8–8.0), which indicates a relatively uniform air pollution due to the small area of the city and a significant concentration of SO2 sources.

Keywords: Timashevsk, urban environment, functional zoning, atmospheric air, lichen indication, polyotolerance index, SO2 concentration

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STATE OF AGROFORESTRY RECLAMATION PLANTS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF DINSKY DISTRICT OF KRASNODAR REGION

I.P. Kolesnikova, A.D. Novak, M.A. Kim
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

 

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Annotation. Research and practice show that the system of protective forest plantations is one of the most effective ways to protect fields from unfavorable climatic factors, to preserve and increase soil fertility. To determine the state of the system of protective forest plantations in the northern part of the Dinskoy district of the Krasnodar region, forest belts of different designs were selected: blown-through , non-blown-through, in which an inventory was carried out and monitoring was organized. To analyze the state of tree and shrub plantations, visual assessment methods were used based on the sum of biomorphological features. Based on these features, trees were assigned categories, which are an integral characteristic. The study showed that non-blown agroforestry reclamation plantations are drying out, and tree species in the blown agroforestry reclamation strip are weakened. Thus, it was established that the main and auxiliary forest belts selected for study are in an unsatisfactory condition and require systematic monitoring, reconstruction, maintenance and sanitary cleaning.

Keywords: inventory, protective forest plantations, main species, auxiliary species

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MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTE FROM CEMETERIES IN VOLGOGRAD

V.A. Senchenko1,2, N.Y. Belozubova2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Russia, Moscow, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Limited Liability Company «Center for Labor Protection and Ecology», Russia, Volgograd

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Annotation. Cemeteries occupy vast territories in the Russian Federation and, as municipal objects of external improvement, are a source of waste generation. Every year, about 21-22 thousand tons of waste are generated in the cemeteries of Volgograd, which are placed in the landfills of Ekomaster LLC and Komus LLC. Up to 50 % of the finished waste generation occurs in April-May, which is due to the mass cleaning of the cemetery territory for the Orthodox holidays of Easter and Radonitsa. A study of the morphological composition of the waste of the cemeteries of Volgograd showed that 80 % of the waste is plant waste of trees and grass (42-55 % of the total volume), which is formed during the care of tree and shrub plantings and which can potentially be used as secondary raw materials, thereby reducing the volume of cemetery waste placed in landfills.

Keywords: closed-loop economy, municipal solid waste, morphological composition of waste, cemeteries, secondary raw materials, Volgograd

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CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF THE POPULATION

N.M. Provalova, M.V. Dvadnenko, M.E. Lazarenko, M.P. Boychenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Technological University», Russia, Krasnodar

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Annotation. The article examines the characteristics of four main age groups of the population, and proposes activities and methods that can be used for effective environmental education of each of them. The results of an environmental survey are presented, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the level of environmental awareness among average citizens of these age groups and the degree of their awareness of the environmental problems of our country.

Keywords: age groups, methods of environmental education

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 Ecological Situation in Rural Areas

CHARACTERISTICS OF AGROLANDSCAPES OF GELENDZHIK DISTRICT OF THE BLACK SEA ZONE OF KRASNODAR REGION

I.P. Kolesnikova, V.M. Smolentsev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin”, Russia, Krasnodar

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Annotation. The article presents the characteristics of agrolandscapes in the Gelendzhik district, which belongs to the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar region. The review covers the parameters of climate, relief, soils, hydrological regime, as well as indicators of the diversity of flora and fauna of the region. The role of the agricultural sector in the formation and use of agrolandscapes of this territory is considered.

Keywords: agrolandscape, Black Sea zone, climate, soils, hydrology, fauna and flora, agricultural lands, pastures

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Brief Communications

THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES AND NATURAL PHENOMENA ON THE «UTRISH» RESERVE

T.P. Frantseva, S.M. Martynenko, A.G. Sukhomlinova, I.V. Khmara
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education» Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilina, Russia, Krasnodar

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Annotation. The article examines the relationship between natural phenomena and human activity, their role in changing the state of ecosystems: reduction of biological diversity, impoverishment of relief, deterioration of water and soil indicators, reduction of the number of animals and plants, as well as in changing the mutual influence and relationship of ecosystems relative to each other. This study concerns the impact of fires, which often occur due to the human factor and can be applied not only to the reserves of this territory, but also to specially protected natural areas of all nearby areas.

Keywords: ecology, specially protected natural areas, fire, post-fire areas, environmental education, environmental awareness

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