• Print

THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021

Scientific and Theoretical Journal

2025, Vol. 21, № 2 

Founded in 2005

Published quarterly

 C O N T E N T S

 

 General Ecology

MODERN DECARBONIZATION STRATEGIES: SUCCESSFUL PRACTICES OF LARGE COMPANIES

A.I. Gazizyanov1, I.V. Ulyankina2, I.A. Borodin3, S. Drozhzhin4
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kazan National Research Technological University”, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation”, Russia, Moscow, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Yaroslavl State Technical University", Russia, Yaroslavl, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
4Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tyumen Industrial University", Russia, Tyumen, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article analyzes the impact of modern technologies and strategies on reducing carbon emissions in large corporations in the context of fulfilling international climate commitments and transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Methods of system and comparative analysis are used to assess energy-efficient technologies, the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES), and the principles of the circular economy (CE). Examples of successful practices of companies such as Microsoft, Accenture, Tesla, Sber are considered, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI), automation of processes and digital technologies to improve energy efficiency and minimize the carbon footprint. A conclusion is made about the need for an integrated approach to reducing carbon emissions, including the introduction of innovations, transparent reporting and the integration of sustainable development (SD) into business strategy. The importance of cooperation with partners and suppliers is emphasized to implement long-term decarbonization strategies, especially in the area of indirect emissions, which require transparency and complex monitoring methods.

Keywords: carbon emissions, energy efficient technologies, ESG reporting, renewable energy sources (RES), circular economy (CE), decarbonization, climate strategy

Скачать статью

ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVITIES OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF KAMCHATKA KRAI AT THE PRESENT STAGE: GEOECOLOGICAL CHALLENGES

I.N. Karaziya
Research Geotechnological Center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The conservation and development of specially protected natural areas are one of the priority areas of the state environmental policy of the Russian Federation. Kamchatka Krai is a unique natural region that has preserved rich biodiversity and natural landscapes, the protection of which plays a leading role in solving a number of environmental and socio-economic problems. The network of protected areas of Kamchatka Krai is recognized at the international level, some sites are included in the UNESCO list. An overview of the current state of Kamchatka protected areas and geoecological aspects of nature conservation in specially protected natural areas of Kamchatka Krai of regional significance and their role in sustainable management of natural resources is provided. The main problems of state management of protected areas of Kamchatka at the present stage are highlighted in light of current geopolitical challenges.

Keywords: specially protected natural areas, Kamchatka Krai, nature conservation activities, landscape-ecological structure

Скачать статью

Applied Ecology

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF AGROGRAY SOIL WHEN AP-PLYING MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN BUCKWHEAT AGROCENOSIS

E.N. Belousova, A.A. Belousov, V.A. Nasedkina
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University”, Russia, Krasnoyarsk

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The study of phosphatase activity was carried out on the territory of the field station of UOKh Minderdinskoye LLC, located in the center of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe (N 56.430°, E 92.915°). The experimental design included 7 variants, including a control. In the experimental variants, combinations of different rates of phosphate rock, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate were used. The values of phosphatase activity of the studied soil corresponded to the average level according to the scale of D.G. Zvyagintsev (1978). The application of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers stimulated the release of easily mobile phosphates of phosphate rock applied at rates of 1.0–1.5 t/ha. Phosphatase activity, as an indicator of the level of provision with mobile phosphorus, has a higher diagnostic sensitivity at the beginning of the growing season, before the application of mineral fertilizers. The use of mineral fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in phosphorus-containing organic compounds at the buckwheat branching phase. The concentration of easily mobile phosphates increased concurrently. At the same time, phosphatase activity did not change signif-icantly.

Keywords: buckwheat, mineral fertilizers, phosphatase, content of organic and mobile phosphorus, intensity facto

Скачать статью

 

EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN SUGAR BEET CROPS

N.A. Moskaleva, N.N. Dmitrenko, V.I. Chabanets
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin”, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Of the complex of harmful factors, weeds cause the greatest damage to sugar beet yields; yield reduction in the absence of protection can reach 80%. High weed infestation of crops is often the reason for reseeding the crop. In sugar beet crops, rapid weed growth in the second half of the growing season not only reduces crop yields, but also worsens their quality. The main groups of weeds in beet crops have been identified for more effective selection of pesticides. A step-by-step three-fold treatment of sugar beet crops with a tank mixture of betanal group preparations with a more selective effect is proposed.

Keywords: sugar beet, herbicides, environmental aspects, chemicals efficiency

Скачать статью

WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

A.S. Berezneva
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin”, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. In the central zone of Krasnodar Krai, field studies were conducted to assess the impact of various agro-technological techniques on the productivity of Antonina winter wheat variety, bred by the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko. During the research, various schemes for applying fertilizers (both organic and mineral) in various rates were studied, and integrated plant protection systems were used, taking into account the meteorological features of each year. Analysis of the data obtained allowed us to conclude that the most favorable conditions for growing winter wheat of Antonina variety in the region were in 2017.

Keywords: winter wheat, cultivation technologies, temperature, precipitation, yield, grain quality

Скачать статью

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF HOSTA GROWING INDOORS AND ON OPEN GROUND

A.G. Sukhomlinova, Y.K. Tosunov, T.P. Frantseva, I.V. Khmara
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article examines the adaptive capacity of hosta plants to negative environmental factors based on the study of catalase activity and ascorbic acid content under indoor and outdoor cultivation conditions. The results of the study can be used in ornamental gardening as a way to reduce the introduction of excess chemical fertilizers into the ecosystem and water consumption for irrigation while maintaining hosta diversity in an aggressive environment. In modern urban ecosystems, under the influence of various stress factors of natural and anthropogenic origin, container growing of plants is ecologically justified.

Keywords: negative environmental factors, host, adaptation, catalase activity, ascorbic acid

Скачать статью

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS WITH GROWTH STIMULATORS

M.M. Dolov, I.A. Tochiev, H.B. Oskanov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ingush State University", Russia, Republic of Ingushetia, Magas

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article presents the results of assessing the influence of modern growth stimulators on the sowing qualities of seeds of the main field crops: initial germination; length and weight of roots and sprouts under the influence of preparations and depending on the exposure of the treatment. To study the environmental safety of presowing treatment, studies were conducted on the optimal methods of using growth stimulators and their effect on various crop varieties in laboratory conditions. It is shown that the effectiveness of the preparations significantly depends on the crop variety and methods of pre-sowing treatment.

Keywords: growth stimulators, germination, germination energy, sprouts, roots

Скачать статью

PROBLEMS OF ORE PROCESSING TAILINGS DISPOSAL AT NORTH CAUCASUS ENTERPRISES

V.I. Golik
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Geophysical Institute of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. In mining, there is a problem of tailings disposal during the development of mineral deposits, and waste-free ore processing technology is one of the priority environmental protection issues. The article presents the results of the assessment of environmental contamination in the vicinity of Vladikavkaz with mining products. The danger of storing ore mining and processing waste, in particular the negative impact on public health, is formulated. The technology of metal leaching with mechanochemical activation is characterized, which ensures a more complete extraction of the required metals and neutralizes the negative consequences of incomplete ore processing due to the use of a disintegrator. The proposed technology is characterized by higher profitability and environmental safety.

Keywords: eco-efficiency, tailings, ore, leaching, metal, disintegrator

Скачать статью

 Biodiversity and Bioresources

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GROUND BEETLE GENUS CARABUS (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) OF KH.G. SHAPOSHNIKOV CAUCASUS STATE NATURAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE. 2nd COMMUNICATION

1,2A.Yu. Chumachenko, 3D.D. Fominykh, 4A.S. Zamotajlov
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution “Kh.G. Shaposhnikov Caucasus State Natural Biosphere Reserve”, Russia, Republic of Adygea, Maykop
2Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Maykop State Technological University”, Russia, Republic of Adygea, Maykop
3Kuban Branch of Russian Entomological Society, Russia, Krasnodar
4Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Ground beetles are one of the most numerous and speciesrich groups of insects in the Caucasian Reserve. Their study is important because the ecological preferences and local ranges of species are transformed following climatic changes. This article presents the results of studies of ground beetles of the genus Carabus conducted in 2009, 2015–2018, 2022 in 17 localities within the Reserve. The material was collected using Barber's soil traps, as well as by searching and manual collection. 18 species were identified, their distribution both within and outside the Reserve was clarified, and some ecological features were revealed. 4 species are included in the federal and regional Red Data Books. The research confirmed high ecological plasticity and polymorphism of ground beetles, which allows them to master new habitats, in particular, to penetrate from zonalmeadow forest communities into subnival zone.

Keywords: Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae), genus Carabus, Caucasus State Reserve, species diversity, ecological features

Скачать статью

ECOLOGY OF WILD BEE OSMIA RUFA IN FLOODPLAINS OF SMALL RIVERS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

T.A. Devyatova, N.E. Nasedkin
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State University", Russia, Voronezh

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Bees are an important part of the ecosystem, as they pollinate most flowering plants and significantly increase crop yields. The number of bees on the planet is steadily declining due to the unfavorable environmental situation. The solitary bee Osmia rufa is promising for breeding on an industrial basis and is an indicator of an ecologically safe environment. On the territory of apiaries located on the territory of the Venevitinovo Biocenter of the Voronezh State University and in the village of Baryatino, Lev-Tolstovsky District, Lipetsk Region, the structure of nests was studied and described, kleptoparasitoids and parasitoids of the wild bee Osmia rufa were determined under nesting conditions in Fabre hives, and the phenomenon of philopatry in honey bees Apis mellifera and solitary bees Osmia rufa was studied. A comprehensive study of bee ecology is important for the development of beekeeping.

Keywords: philopatry, floodplain ecosystems, megachilids, Fabre hive, apiary

Скачать статью

MORPHOTYPICAL ADAPTATION OF ARTIFICIAL POPULATIONS OF HONEY BEES IN THE FOREST ZONE OF KRASNODAR REGION

I.A. Morev1, L.Ya. Moreva2, T.A. Dubrovitskaya2
1Institute of Secondary Vocational Education of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State University”, Russia, Krasnodar
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State University”, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The study is devoted to the analysis of the morphotypic structure of artificial bee populations in the forest zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Using the example of Kanevsky (controlled breeding) and Apsheronsky (uncontrolled breeding) districts, differences in the distribution of drone and worker bee morphotypes were revealed. It was shown that phenotypic diversity in the Apsheronsky district correlates with high genetic variability, while stable morphotypes dominate in the Kanevsky district. The results emphasize the need to integrate morphotypic analysis into breeding programs to maintain the stability of bees.

Keywords: honey bee, drones, bee breeds, morphotype, color, controlled and uncontrolled breeding

Скачать статью

LEOPARD PANTHERA PARDUS CISCAUCASICA IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

A.N. Kudaktin1, A.V. Romashin2
1Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Hunting and Animal Husbandry named after Professor B.M. Zhitkov”, Russia, Kirov
2Federal State Budgetary Institution “Sochi National Park”, Russia, Sochi

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The leopard (Panthera pardus ciscaucasica) is listed in the Red Book of Russia and the world and is endangered. In order to restore the population of the species, in 2012, on the initiative of WWF with the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, the Leopard Breeding Center was created on the basis of the Sochi National Park for the purpose of reintroducing animals, and in 2016, the first release of individuals trained for life in the wilderness with special tracking collars was made. Due to the death of several animals and the expiration of the special collars, the only way to obtain reliable information about leopards was to record encounters, tracks and cases of attacks on domestic animals. Information on the spatial distribution of leopard encounters and their tracks in the territory of the Sochi National Park and adjacent areas from 2000 to the present day was analyzed. Data analysis indicates the presence of isolated individuals that are under threat of extermination due to the expansion of urban areas adjacent to the park and ski resort expansion projects. Measures are proposed to improve the effectiveness of leopard reintroduction

Keywords: Panthera pardus ciscaucasica, encounters, and tracks, reintroduction, Black Sea region, Sochi National Park, Caucasian Reserve, formation of reproductive core

Скачать статью

INFLUENCE OF TROPHIC CONNECTIONS ON THE FORMATION OF CESTODES FAUNA IN WILD PREDATORY MAMMALS IN THE NORTHWESTERN CAUCASUS

G.S. Itin1, Al-Dulaimi Samer Faisal Taha2, G.K. Plotnikov2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin”, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State University”, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The structure and influence of trophic links on the formation of the cestode fauna in predatory mammals in the North-West Caucasus were studied. During the period from 2020 to 2024, 217 carcasses of wild predatory mammals (fox, jackal, raccoon dog, badger) from various landscape-geographic zones of the region were examined. Cestodes were detected in all examined predator species. There were found 7 species of cestodes, high rates of extensiveness of helminth invasion were recorded: Mesocestoides lineatus, Taenia crassiceps, Dipylidium caninum. The species composition of cestodes is determined by the structure of trophic-epizootic chains.

Keywords: predatory mammals, North-West Caucasus, cestodes, fox, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, trophic-epizootic chains

Скачать статью

NEW LOCATIONS OF HYPOPITYS MONOTROPA CRANTZ (ERICACEAE) IN KRASNODAR REGION

I.V. Rudenko1, N.A. Pikalova1, O.A. Shumkova2
1Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State University”, Russia, Krasnodar
2Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin”, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article presents new data on the habitats of Hypopitys monotropa (Dutchman's pipe or false beech-drops) in the Krasnodar Territory. The range of the taxon in the Western Caucasus, Northwestern and Western Transcaucasia is specified, and data on the abundance and habitat characteristics are provided. H. monotropa is included in the Red Book of Krasnodar Territory (2017) and, according to the research results, within the boundaries of Krasnodar Territory it is distributed along almost the entire length of the Main Caucasian Range and its offspurs - from Betta village to Otradnensky District, which significantly expands the range noted in the regional Red Book.

Keywords: Hypopitys monotropa, rare species, Red Book of Krasnodar Region, floristic finds, Belo-Labinsky floristic region, Otradnensky region, Western Caucasus, Skalisty Ridge

Скачать статью

HAZELNUT (CORYLUS COLURNA L.) AS A PART OF GREEN AREAS IN KRASNODAR

O.V. Zelenskaya, K.M. Nevmerzhitskaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin”, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) is a species endangered in the natural conditions of Krasnodar Krai and subject to protection. One of the options for preserving the species is its cultivation in specially protected natural areas of regional and local significance. In Krasnodar, Corylus colurna L. is noted as an introduced plant in the botanical gardens of KubSU and Kuban SAU. The location of the species is registered as part of park plantings near the Federal Scientific Center of Rice, Belozerny settlement. The age of plantings is 45-50 years. The biological and ecological characteristics of Corylus colurna L. under cultural conditions, its resistance to unfavorable environmental factors, ability to adapt to urban conditions and suitability for landscaping were studied. It was shown that the environmental conditions in the city are favorable for the species, the trees successfully bloom and bear fruit, are capable of vegetative and seed reproduction. The decorativeness and unpretentiousness to environmental conditions of Corylus colurna allow it to be used more widely for urban landscaping.

Keywords: introduction, Corylus colurna L., botanical garden, rare species, biodiversity conservation, parks, city landscapin

Скачать статью

FEATURES OF THE ECOLOGICAL AND FORESTRY-TYPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF NATURAL PLANTINGS OF PINUS NIGRA SUBSP. PALLASIANA (LAMB.) HOLMBOE ON THE SOUTHERN MACROSLOPE OF THE MAIN RANGE OF THE CRIMEAN MOUNTAINS

A.R. Nikiforov1, V.V. Papelbu1, A.A. Nikiforova2
1Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Order of the Red Banner of Labor Nikitsky Botanical Garden - National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia, Yalta
2Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center “Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas named after A.O. Kovalevsky of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia, Sevastopol

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The study was conducted to examine the features of the ecological and forest typological structure of natural stands of Crimean pine forests on the southern macroslope of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains. Determination of the complete floristic composition made it possible to evaluate some ecologically important features: xeromesophytes predominate in the stands in terms of moisture, and scioheliophytes predominate in terms of light conditions. It was found that polycarpic herbs, species with rosette-less and semi-rosette shoots, and deep-lying taproot systems predominate in the ecological structure in terms of the spectrum of main biomorphs. An assessment was made of the bioecological parameters of Pinus nigra Subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe stands in the marginal parts of its natural habitat in Crimea. A trend of increasing proportion of polycarpic herbs, specific weight of non-rosette species, quantity of taproot plants with deep roots from the western area to the eastern borders has been revealed. It has been shown that formation of plant communities is largely determined by edapho-orographic conditions. Forest typological structure has been determined.

Keywords: southern macroslope of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, Crimean pine, phytocenosis, aboveground layer, floristic composition, ecological structure, forest typology

Скачать статью

 Monitoring of Ecological Systems

INFLUENCE OF THE ENTERPRISE ON POLLUTION OF AGROECOSYSTEMS WITH WATER-SOLUBLE FLUORINE AND POSSIBILITIES OF AGRICULTURAL USE OF LANDS IN THE ZONE OF ITS IMPACT

G.A. Demidenko, I.N. Yushkova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University”, Russia, Krasnoyarsk

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article considers the results of the impact assessment of an industrial enterprise of the aluminum industry on agroecosystems: soils of agricultural lands, agricultural plants (forage plants awnless brome; vegetables – carrots, beets) at different pollution levels (very high, high, medium, acceptable (control). Perennial bluegrass, awnless brome in green mass contains less fluorine than in hay. Vegetable crops: beets of the Bordeaux variety (root crops) at different pollution levels have an excess of MAC by more than two times. In carrot root crops at pollution levels, the fluorine content corresponds to the norm, except for a very high level, where fluorine pollution exceeds MAC (on average 3.0 mg/kg). There is a tendency to reduce industrial emissions of water-soluble fluorine in the zone of influence of the enterprise.

Keywords: agroecological monitoring, pollution source, fluorine, agroecosystems, agricultural lands, forage and vegetable crops

Скачать статью

FEATURES OF VEGETATION COVER AND MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF PLANTS IN THE TYUP RIVER BASIN

M.D. Nemolyakina (Alybaeva), B.M. Dzhenbaev
Institute of Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article is devoted to the study of the microelement composition of vegetation in the Tyup River basin in the Issyk-Kul region. Sixty plant species were analyzed, covering almost the entire species composition of the main associations; plants of different types, life forms and ecological groups were presented. The results of detailed analyses for the content of microelements Cu, Co, Mo, Mn, Pb, Sr, Sn and Ni are presented. The analyses were made at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (Moscow), in the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Radioecology and the Central Laboratory of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology and Technical Supervision of the Kyrgyz Republic using the method of atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that a characteristic feature of the local flora in the Tyup River basin is low accumulation of Mn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cu and Mo.

Keywords: microelements, biogeochemistry, endemic diseases, threshold concentrations, mesophyte, xerophyte, hygrophyte, degradation

Скачать статью

AGROECOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF SOUTHERN CHERNOZEM (CHESTNUT) IN CONDITIONS OF GRAPES MONOCULTURE

A.A. Krasilnikov
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking”, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article presents retrospective and current author's data on the results of soil-agrochemical research of southern chernozem (chestnut) under monoculture of grapes on agricultural enterprises of the Anapa-Taman zone (Temryuk subzone) of viticulture. The studies were conducted before the establishment of perennial plantings and during the permanent culture of grapes for 20 years. The changes in the humus state of chernozem soils, the content of mobile compounds of the main mineral elements, actual acidity, physical properties of the soil, the content of water-soluble salts and active lime were analyzed. An increase in the density of soil composition (bulk mass) in the main root-inhabited zone of grape plants was established by an average of 5.3–20.6%. A decrease in the provision of the soil with mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds was observed in the 0–60 cm soil layer from 80.0–171.0 (P2O5) and 92–202 (K2O) to 68–110 and 92–176 mg/kg, respectively. In the Ap-AB1 soil horizon, a change in pH was revealed from neutral to slightly alkaline. In the Ap–AB2 soil horizon, the humus content did not decrease. The salt composition of the soils and the content of mobile calcium did not exceed the maximum permissible values for the growth and development of grape plants. New experimental data make it possible to form an up-to-date database for the development of a progressive biologized technology for cultivating a monoculture of grapes.

Keywords: southern chernozem (chestnut), ampelocenosis, agrotechnogenesis, fertility indicators

Скачать статью

ON POLLUTION OF THE REGIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS WITH MINING PRODUCTION WASTEWATER

V.I. Golik
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Geophysical Institute of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article is devoted to the solution of the urgent problem of environmental improvement by minimizing the conditions for pollution of mining drainage. The research methods include generalization, analysis, modeling, laboratory and industrial experiments and engineering forecasting. The quantitative parameters of pollution of mining drainage of the North and Central Caucasus during their active operation are given. Information on pollution of drainage of processing plants and the amount of metals discharged into the rivers of Russia are given. Data on the need for water in the production of commercial products are provided. Measures to protect the environment from pollution are summarized. It is proposed to consider the costs of neutralizing the factors damaging ecosystems as the criterion for minimizing the impact of mining on the ecology of the region. It is proven that the state of water resources of the regions of the North and Central Caucasus, mining metals, is characterized by an increase in the content of heavy metal compounds, and the problem of pollution of the habitat can be solved by eliminating the conditions for pollution of mining drainage. The results of the study may be in demand when developing plans for the greening of ore deposit development technologies at enterprises in various branches of mining production associated with the storage of chemically aggressive production waste.

Keywords: environment, mining drainage, metals, water, impact minimization, mining, ecology

Скачать статью

STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN TUAPSE DISTRICT

A.A. Teuchezh, Yu.M. Savchenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article presents a qualitative characteristic of the atmospheric air in the Tuapse district of the Krasnodar region. The air basin is an integral part of the habitat of humans, animals and plant communities, being a vital component of the environment. Atmospheric air is a connecting component between the soil cover and water resources, acts as an intermediary for the pollution of other natural objects, and due to natural phenomena contributes to the spread of pollutants over long distances. The results of analyses for the presence of iron, cobalt, manganese, copper, nickel, cadmium and zinc in the air showed that the concentrations of these substances were below the maximum permissible single concentration. The lead content throughout the entire study period did not exceed the MPC m.r. (0.001 mg / m3), but ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 shares of the MPC m.r. This is especially noted at locations close to industrial facilities (locations No. 1 and 4). In the test locations near industrial facilities, elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide 0.282 mg/m3 and nitrogen oxide 0.648 mg/m3 were detected, which is observed mainly in the warm season. Over the entire study period, the ammonia content at all controlled route locations was less than the MPC m.r. High traffic intensity is one of the factors affecting the state of the atmospheric air in the study area. Therefore, measures are needed for green landscaping the city, especially the areas adjacent to the Tuapse Oil Refinery and Tuapse Seaport.

Keywords: atmospheric air, pollutants, environment, maximum permissible concentrations, ecological state

Скачать статью

 FEATURES OF CHANGES IN AGROCLIMATE RESOURCES IN THE TRANS-URAL STEPPE OF BASHKORTOSTAN

K.R. Ismagilov1, I.A. Rusakov2, R.R. Ismagilov2
1Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture – separate structural subdivision of the Ufa Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ufa State Petroleum Technological University”, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article presents the results of a quantitative assessment of temporal changes in the main agroclimatic resources in different periods of crop vegetation (1966–2023) in the steppe of the Trans-Urals of Bashkortostan. It has been established that the peculiarity of agroclimatic conditions in the steppe is significant variability in the amount of precipitation over the years, a decrease in moisture supply during the growing season of agricultural crops, an increase in temperature and increased aridity. The total amount of precipitation in the Trans-Urals steppe for the year as a whole has remained virtually unchanged. At the same time, the amount of precipitation decreased in June, July, August and September, and increased in the remaining months of the year. There was a decrease in the amount of precipitation by 79 mm per 100 years during the period of active vegetation of agricultural crops. Over 58 years (1966–2023), the average annual air temperature increased from 2.31 to 4.38 °C. Temperatures increased in all months of the year. The climate in the Trans-Urals steppe became significantly more arid. On average, the Ped aridity index (S) increased by 0.050 (August) – 0.106 (May) per year. The frequency of air droughts in 2000–2023 in different months of the growing season was 25–34%.

Keywords: change of agroclimatic resources, amount of precipitation, sum of temperature, drought, steppe, Trans-Urals of Bashkortostan

Скачать статью

ASSESSMENT OF EROSION PROCESSES IN MOUNTAIN AREAS USING ARTIFICIAL SPRINKLING

G.T. Jalilova1, A.K. Nurullaev2
1National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan, Tashkent
2Termez State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Termez

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Mountain ecosystem is an important element of the natural balance, which ensures numerous ecosystem functions, such as providing the world with fresh water, indicators of climate change and regulation, etc. Mountains keep a quarter of the world's terrestrial biodiversity, where species richness is concentrated. However, soil degradation processes, in particular water erosion, are a global problem, especially for mountain regions. Erosion of mountain soils is enhanced by such natural factors as relief and climate, which contributes to significant soil losses. Research of such processes in natural conditions is very labor-intensive and dangerous. In this regard, a laboratory installation for artificial sprinkling was created, used to simulate the erosion process and analyze the impact of various factors, such as slope steepness and precipitation intensity, on soil erosion. The results showed that an increase in slope steepness and precipitation intensity leads to a significant increase in the mass of eroded soil, which emphasizes the importance of taking these factors into account for the conservation of ecosystems in mountain regions. The proposed approach allows modeling erosion processes with a high degree of accuracy and opens up new prospects for a comprehensive assessment of the resistance of mountain landscapes to degradation.

Keywords: mountain ecosystems, soils, erosion, runoff, relief, precipitation, artificial sprinkling

Скачать статью

SELECTION OF ORNITHOLOGICAL MODELS FOR EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

S.N. Kazartseva
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State Pedagogical University", Russia, Voronezh

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article shows the importance of studying biological objects and observing them. Examples of ornithological objects and tasks for extracurricular activities in biology and ecology courses are given. Some species of birds living in urban environments are offered as objects of observation. The most interesting are observations of the behavior of birds leading a colonial lifestyle in the city throughout the year: jackdaw, blue pigeon. In the autumn-winter period, preference is given to the mallard, in the nesting period - to the black-headed gull and black swift. The magpie is recommended as a species that is easily distinguishable by its appearance and easily recognizable nests.

Keywords: bird species, urban environment, schoolchildren, extracurricular activities

Скачать статью

SUMMARY REPORT ON THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE-2025

V.V. Korunchikova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin”, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Information is given on the international scientific environmental conference in absentia on the topic of "Ways to Solve Environmental Problems as the Most Important Basis for Sustainable Development of Regions". An overview of the main areas of environmental research presented in publications in six sections and information on the geographical distribution of messages is given.

Keywords: conference, environmental issues, sustainable development, waste management, rational use of natural resources, organic farming, monitoring, bioresources, environmental education

Скачать статью