THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
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Scientific and Theoretical Journal
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2025, Vol. 21, № 3
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Founded in 2005
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Published quarterly
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C O N T E N T S
Applied Ecology
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF ORGANOMINERAL COMPOST ON THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL DURING CORN GROWING
D.A. Antonenko, O.A. Melnik, Yu.Yu. Nikiforenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. Today, the transition to organic farming is a reliable and environmentally friendly way to increase soil fertility and reduce its pollution with toxic elements (mobile forms of heavy metals). The paper presents the results of assessing the mass concentration of heavy metals in livestock waste (semi-rotted cattle manure) and chemical industry (phosphogypsum), as well as in composts obtained from these wastes. The results of field tests of different rates of compost application (from 20 to 60 t/ha) composed of semi-rotted cattle manure, phosphogypsum and alfalfa plant residues are presented. The organomineral fertilizer increases the concentration of organic matter in the upper layer of leached chernozem in the corn agrocenosis. This promotes increased sorption of the organomineral complex of the soil and a decrease in the mass fraction of some heavy metals (HM). The use of compost in rates of 40 and 60 t/ha helps to reduce the mass concentration of zinc, copper and manganese. Exceeding the permissible concentration of highly toxic and hazardous HM for humans was not detected in any variant of the field experiment.
Keywords: leached chernozem, soil fertility, semi-rotted cattle manure, phosphogypsum, alfalfa straw, compost, agrocenosis, heavy metals
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INFLUENCE OF LIQUID COMPLEX PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS ON GERMINATION ENERGY, GERMINATION AND DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF SPRING WHEAT UNDER SIMULATED WATER DEFICIENCY
Ya.G. Belkin1, S.G. Muralev1,2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotech-nological University named after L.Ya. Florentyev», Russia, Nizhny Novgorod
1,2Limited Liability Company «Volski Biokhim», Russia, Nizhny Novgorod
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Annotation. The effect of liquid complex phosphorus-containing fertilizers (LCF) on germination energy, emergence and initial drought resistance of spring wheat of the variety Grenada was studied in laboratory conditions under simulated water deficit created using a 3 % solution of PEG 6000. It was found that seed treatment with LCF, especially with the Strada R preparation with a high phosphorus content, promotes the development of the root system and improves the root-shoot ratio. Variants with microelement fertilizers without a pronounced phosphorus component demonstrated lower adaptability, despite the stabilizing effect against the background of stress. The results confirm the promise of using phosphorus-containing LCF in pre-sowing seed preparation to increase their drought resistance.
Keywords: wheat, liquid phosphorus-containing complex fertilizers, seed treatment, drought resistance, Strada R, Micromak, Ekomak
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLING CERCOSPORA BETICOLA SACC. OF SUGAR BEET
I.I. Bondarenko1, A.I. Belyi2
1BioAgroService CJSC, Expert Phytopathologist, Russia, Krasnodar
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies conducted on a test culture to determine the effectiveness of fungicides of BAYER and other companies in controlling Cercospora beticola Sacc. The maximum effectiveness was shown by the fungicide Alto Super, KE, with a consumption rate of 0.75 l/ha, the area of inhibition of the growth of the pathogen mycelium was within 88.9 mm of the Petri dish. The following preparations also showed high effectiveness in combating cercospora: Propuls, SE, and Abacus Ultra, SE, the zone of inhibition of fungal growth was within 66.7–62.2 mm.
Keywords: cercospora, pathogen, pure culture, fungicidal activity, biological efficiency
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TACTICS AND STRATEGY OF EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS IN WATERMELON CROPS
I.V. Bedlovskaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. The paper continues a series of scientific works on optimization of the phytosanitary situation in the watermelon agrocenosis in the Central Zone of the Krasnodar Territory using various agrotechnological techniques, rational selection of varieties, appropriate and prompt use of plant protection products. In conditions of a long dry summer period, fungal diseases are of economic importance: anthracnose, powdery mildew having different trophic and phylogenetic specialization. The peak of the number of adults and larvae of melon aphids (on average from 10 ... 50 or more individuals per plant) occurred at the phase of watermelon full flowering. As a result of a competent protection system, it was possible to obtain a watermelon yield close to potential in drought conditions.
Keywords: watermelon, anthracnose, powdery mildew, phytophages, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, duration of protective action, biological efficiency
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INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS WITH MICROALGAE ON THE CONTENT OF ORGANIC NITROGEN AND ITS HYDROLYZABLE FRACTIONS IN AGRO-CHERNOZEM
N.V. Abakumova, N.L. Kurachenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University», Russia, Krasnoyarsk
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Annotation. The paper presents the results of studying the effect of biopreparations with microalgae on the content of organic nitrogen and its hydrolyzable fractions in the agrochernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. It was found that double treatment of vegetative spring wheat crops with 1 % solution of Chlorella vulgaris determined the maximum accumulation of total nitrogen (0.44–0.43 %). The maximum reserves of total nitrogen (7.9 t/ha) and difficult to hydrolyze nitrogen (0.53 t/ha) were revealed when using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae granules. Arthrospira platensis granules incorporated into the soil with spring wheat seeds, formed the largest reserves of hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen (0.5 and 0.27 t/ha).
Keywords: biopreparations, Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis, agro chernozem, total nitrogen, difficult to hydrolyze nitrogen, easy to hydrolyze nitrogen
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STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF HORSETAIL EXTRACT AS A SUNFLOWER GROWTH REGULATOR
I.G. Dmitrieva, N.A. Makarova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. Modern trends in agricultural science are aimed at improving the environmental friendliness of agricultural production, which involves reducing the use of synthetic pesticides and expanding the use of natural biostimulants. Plant extracts are a promising source of new biologically active compounds. Of particular interest are environmentally friendly CO
2 extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide. The aim of this work is to assess the effect of the CO
2 extract of horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) on the productivity of the sunflower variety Master. Small-plot field experiments (2023–2024) show that treatment with the extract provides a reliable increase in seed yield by an average of 3.05 hwt/ha (12.6 %) relative to the untreated control. A positive effect of the preparation on the development of generative organs that determine yield and the state of the assimilation apparatus of plants is noted.
Keywords: growth biostimulant, Helianthus annuus L., supercritical CO2 extraction, Equisetum arvense L., crop productivity
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ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF PLANTS IN THE EVENT OF SOIL POLLUTION BY OIL PRODUCTS
D.A. Dzyuba, E.A. Korovina, A.O. Kabipzyanova, V.E. Simonov, S.D. Melnikova
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Perm State National Research University», Russia, Perm
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Annotation. The paper examines the impact of oil pollution on soil and plants, leading to a decrease in their growth and development. Studies showing both the toxic effects of oil and the role of some plants in the restoration of contaminated soils are analyzed. The prospects of biological reclamation methods using plants capable of binding and accumulating pollutants are noted. A list of phytoremediant plants is summarized. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the selected plants reduced the concentration of oil products in soils by an average of 45 ± 5 %, with pine being the most effective and watercress the least effective. Watercress was most effective on sod-podzolic and floodplain soils, while wheat, spruce, and pine were most effective on chernozem and podzolic soils.
Keywords: soil, petroleum products, phytoremediation, watercress, wheat, spruce, pine, reclamation, phytoremediation potential
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MANAGEMENT OF SECTORAL PROBLEMS OF RURAL ECOLOGY
A.S. Gordeev1, O.O. Getokov1, M.M. Dolov2, A.Yu. Paritov3
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after. V.M. Kokov», Russia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ingush State University», Russia, Ingushetia, Magas
3Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov», Russia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik
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Annotation. At the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin and under the patronage of the Scientific Center for the Study of Rural Problems, the regions of the country have begun to develop and implement long-term programs for the socio-economic development of rural areas (LDP), the main goal of which is to create conditions for comfortable living for villagers, solve problems of housing, health care, education, sports, transport, roads, utilities, etc. However, the environmental problems of reconstructed and built social and agricultural facilities, innovative technologies, integration structures and agricultural cooperatives did not become the object of tasks to be solved by the LDP.
Keywords: ecology, model, cartogram, program, pilot project, road map, rural areas
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Biodiversity and Bioresources
THE PHENOMENON OF LARGE POPULATIONS OF THE ASIAN LEAF BEETLE CHRYS-OCHARES ASIATICUS (PALLAS, 1771) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN THE VI-CINITY OF THE KIZILTASH ESTUARY OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
1V.Yu. Serdyuk, 2A.S. Zamotajlov, 3A.A. Gozhko, 1Yu.V. Lokhman
1Kuban Research Center «Wildlife of the Caucasus», Russia, Krasnodar
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University», Russia, Krasnodar
3Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Uni-versity» in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Russia, Slavyansk-on-Kuban
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Annotation. The article provides information about the first large aggregations of the Asian leaf beetle Chrysochares asiaticus (Pallas, 1771) observed in the region in the vicinity of the Kiziltash estuary of the Krasnodar Territory. A detailed analysis of this phenomenon is presented, aimed at a comprehensive study of the key characteristics and causes of its occurrence.
Keywords: Chrysochares asiaticus, Chrysomelidae, conserved species, new localities, Kiziltash estuary, Krasnodar Territory
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PROMISING METHODS OF STUDYING COENOTIC POPULATIONS OF RARE PLANT SPECIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA
E.A. Sirotyuk
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Maykop State Technological University», Russia, Republic of Adygea, Maykop
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Annotation. In recent decades, the scale of negative anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems has increased significantly affecting their functioning and the Earth's biosphere as a whole. The Republic of Adygea is located in the Caucasus with an extremely diverse and unique flora. Violations occurring in natural landscapes lead to a reduction in biological diversity. The population approach has been widely used to assess it for conservation purposes. The population, as an elementary biosphere unit of life, is the first acceptor, perceiving the entire diversity of external impacts on the vegetation cover. This is especially important for rare plant species that require protection. Populations of three Red Book species were selected as objects of study: Cephalanthera longifolia, C. rubra and Platanthera chlorantha. Cenopopulation studies are the biological basis for developing methods for the rational use of plant resources and their protection.
Keywords: Republic of Adygea, rare plants, coenopopulations, Platanthera chlorantha, Cephalanthera longifolia, C. rubra, phytogeographical, ontogenetic, morphological, systematic and vitality methods
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ON THE CORRELATION OF GENETIC TRAITS OF CORN DURING IRRIGATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF TAJIKISTAN
K. Partoev1, B.N. Sattorov1, O.P. Kibalnik2, S.A. Guseva2, Z. Ziyaev3
1Institute of Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Tajikistan, Dushanbe
2Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Russian Research and Design and Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn», Russia, Saratov
3Research Institute of Genetic Plant Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Tashkent
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Annotation. An assessment of corn genotypes obtained in various eco-geographical regions was carried out: Institute of Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan (IBPG NAST) (Dushanbe, Tajikistan), Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (RIPGR) (Tashkent, Uzbekistan), Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Russian Research and Design and Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn» («Rossorgo») (Saratov, Russian Federation). The relationships between the yield of these samples and the main economically valuable traits were studied. Field experiments on testing 18 maize varieties were carried out in 2023 and 2024 at the experimental site of the Institute of Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan (altitude 840 m above sea level). It was revealed that the genotypes of Russian-bred corn ripened 12–19 days earlier than the samples from RIPGR and IBPG NAST. The indices of all studied traits of corn varieties from IBPG NAST significantly exceeded the values of the genotypes from «Rossorgo» and RIPGR. Significant relationships were revealed between grain yield and the weight of one cob, the length of the cob and the number of grains in a row, between yield and the number of grains on one cob, as well as the weight of the cob; average correlation between yield and plant height.
Keywords: corn, selection, ecological testing, yield, correlation coefficient
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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CORN HYBRIDS OF «SINGENTA» LLC UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION CONDITIONS
T.Ya. Brovkina, D.R. Bernatovich
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. Corn is important as a grain and food crop, as well as a source of raw materials for industry and as an insurance crop in agricultural technology. An increase in gross harvests of corn grain is associated with the selection of hybrids and optimal cultivation technologies. A variety study of corn hybrids from two maturity groups was carried out for economically valuable traits and features of yield formation with drip irrigation on the experimental plot of Syngenta LLC in the Kuban training farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University. Productivity was assessed by the following indicators: plant height and leaf area, as well as the length and weight of the cob, grain content and weight of 1000 grains, bulk density. A reliable advantage in yield of the SI Enermax and SI Minerva hybrids to the standard (SI Abelardo) by 6.7-2.0 hwt/ha was revealed.
Keywords: corn, hybrids, plant height, leaf area, ear length, grain weight per ear, bulk density, yield
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ECOLOGICAL STABILITY AND PLASTICITY OF OAT SAMPLES OF THE STEPPE ECOLOGICAL GROUP
A.V. Laptev
Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, a separate division of the Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Research Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Krasnoyarsk
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Annotation. Thirteen varieties of hulled oats of the steppe ecological group from the collection nursery of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture were studied in terms of yield, large grain size, vegetation period, ecological stability and plasticity of these parameters. All key data were statistically processed using an analogue of the Tukey LSD test. Certain patterns characterizing the ecological plasticity and stability of varietal parameters were revealed. The yield and vegetation period were noted at the standard level. Stability in high-yielding and large-grain samples, as a rule, is higher than the standard. The sample showed good large grain size, statistically significantly higher than the standard. Plasticity in large grain size was noted in half of the varieties, in terms of stability (PUSS), all 13 studied samples were higher than the standard. The most productive variety Pegas showed plasticity of 3 % in grain size and stability of 297 % compared to the standard. The average plasticity of the sample (1.00) is slightly lower than the standard, in terms of stability the sample corresponds to the standard (the average sample indicator is slightly lower - 396.99). The plasticity of vegetation is maximum in the lowest- 1), which is 87 % of the standard), the stability indicator PUSS 20784.84 (185 % of the standard). It is shown that varieties with environmental stability at the level of the standard or higher demonstrate good productivity, large grain). High-yielding and large grain varieties, plastic at the level of the standard or below, are distinguished by more pronounced variation in productivity and stability.
Keywords: oats, stability, plasticity, productivity, large grain size, vegetation period
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ECOLOGICAL STABILITY AND PLASTICITY OF OAT SAMPLES OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN ECOLOGICAL GROUP
A.V. Laptev
Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, a separate division of the Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Research Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Krasnoyarsk
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Annotation. A study of 25 varieties of hulled oats of the West European ecological group from the collection nursery of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture was conducted on the indicators of productivity, large grain size, vegetation period, ecological stability and plasticity of these parameters. All key data were statistically processed through an analogue of the Tukey LSD test. Statistically significant large-grain varieties and one variety by vegetation productivity were identified. The statistical significance of the differences was reduced to the variety Tubinsky (standard), differentiation of variation in the ecogroup by the studied indicators was shown. Intensive and extensive varieties were identified by ecological adaptability. Plasticity of the vegetation period of the ecogroup samples and the predominance of medium-adaptable varieties (14 samples) were noted. Ecological adaptability (plasticity) of the growing season is of great importance for oats, especially on the 30th–40th days, counting from germination, when the formation of generative organs occurs, which can subsequently affect the yield of samples and the habit of plants.
Keywords: oats, stability, plasticity, productivity, large grain size, vegetation
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ANTAGONISM OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER F-4815D AND BACTERIAL CULTURES
A.Z. Mindubaev1, E.V. Babynin2, Yu.R. Gusmanova3
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan National Research Technological University», Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
2Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Federal Research Center «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
3Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Privolzhsky Region) Federal University», Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
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Annotation. For ten years, a pure culture of the Aspergillus niger F-4815D strain has been studied as a destructor of toxic phosphorus compounds. To improve the efficiency of biodegradation and expand the spectrum of degradable pollutants, it is advisable to use consortia of various microorganisms, such as fungi with bacteria. Such a consortium can serve as the basis for industrial preparations for cleaning pollutants. To create consortia, it is necessary to correctly select microorganisms in order to avoid antagonism. Therefore, the study of the antagonism of microbial cultures is an interesting research topic that is relevant in sanitation, veterinary science, medicine, plant growing, allowing us to find organisms and compounds with antimicrobial, fungicidal or bactericidal action. This paper presents the results of a practical study of the antagonism of Aspergillus niger F-4815D and six types of bacteria. It was shown that the most powerful inhibition of Aspergillus growth was caused by the endotoxin producer Bacillus thuringiensis (5V) and fluorescent Pseudomonas synxantha (R39), the least by Staphylococcus warneri (2), which, together with the other bacteria, is suitable for creating an experimental consortium. It should be noted, however, that none of the bacterial cultures studied stimulated Aspergillus growth, and antagonism of varying degrees was observed in all six cases.
Keywords: bacteria, fungi, biodegradation, Aspergillus niger, consortia
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BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF BERYLLIUM IN SOILS AND PLANTS IN THE MASSIF OF GREYSENIZED GRANITES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
P.V. Ivashov
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Institute of Water and Environmental Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Khabarovsk
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Annotation. Greisenized granites are formed as a result of granite alteration under the influence of gases and solutions, turning into specific rocks called greisens. Greisens contain inclusions of many valuable minerals and are of industrial importance as ore bodies. Greisenized granites are of great interest for biogeochemical studies. The levels of beryllium content in soils and plants on greisenized granites of the Russian Far East with rare metal beryllium mineralization have been established. The distribution of beryllium by genetic horizons of the soil and the mechanisms of beryllium migration and accumulation have been determined. An assessment of the beryllium content in plants has been carried out, which showed an excess of clarke and uneven accumulation depending on the plant species. An assumption has been made about the possibility of using litho- and biogeochemical methods of beryllium ores exploration.
Keywords: biogeochemistry, beryllium, plants, greisenized granites, rare metal mineralization, Russian Far East
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STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LAND USE IN MINING REGIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS
V.I. Golik
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Geophysical Institute of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Vladikavkaz
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Annotation. The performance indicators of the mining region in order to reduce environmental damage and increase the efficiency of natural resources use can be improved by using environmental technologies in the disposal of mining and ore processing tailings. The following methods were used: generalization and analysis, theoretical research, modeling, experiment, data processing with analysis. According to the obtained results the data on soil pollution in the mining region with non-ferrous metals are systematized. The mechanism of soil dilution and restoration is detailed. It is shown that the storage of mining waste takes land out of circulation and reduces the quality of adjacent lands. The tool for returning land to circulation is technological processing with waste utilization in activators. The results of vegetation experiments are presented. A method for determining the efficiency of land allotment use is proposed. Information is given on new technologies for the rehabilitation of mining and processing tailings. It is proven that the rehabilitation of land contaminated by waste improves the environmental and economic indicators of the North Caucasus region. The results of the study may be in demand in the development of deposits of technologically open metal ores, in the modernization of existing and planned new enterprises, as well as in the implementation of programs for the restoration of the potential of lands withdrawn from circulation and allocated to mining enterprises.
Keywords: environmental protection technologies, processing tailings, ore, soil, rehabilitation technologies, North Caucasus region
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE PROBLEM OF SOIL POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS IN NATURAL-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
D.A. Tarakanov
Institute of Chemistry and Protection in Emergency Situations; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology», Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
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Annotation. The paper presents data from modern domestic and foreign studies devoted to the problem of soil pollution with heavy metals in natural-technical systems and the assessment of the impact of soil pollution with heavy metals on human and plant health, soil fertility, and microbiological activity. The sources of pollution are identified. A systematic review was used for the analysis. The research results show that the extraction of mineral resources and the operation of metallurgical enterprises contribute to the release of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd into the environment. The sources of V, Ti, and Mn in the soil are mainly processes associated with oil and coal processing. Automobile exhaust gases, ceramics and steel production lead to the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil. Agriculture, in turn, contributes to soil pollution with the same metals, as well as Cr and Ni. In addition to anthropogenic factors, natural processes also affect the content of Al, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Hg in the soil. The work identifies the key consequences of heavy metal pollution of soil, the impact on vegetation and human health.
Keywords: systematic review, heavy metals, natural-technical systems, pollution, consequences, pollution sources, soil, plants, human health
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ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF URBAN SOILS IN THE CONDITIONS OF URBANIZATION
A.O. Ragimov1,2, N.V. Chugay1,3
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolay Grigorievich Stoletov», Russia, Vladimir
2Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Verkhnevolzhsky Federal Agrarian Scientific Center», Russia, Vladimir region, village Novy
3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Region Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod
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Annotation. The paper presents the results of determining the gross concentrations of heavy metals in the soil cover of the recreational area of the city of Vladimir, which was subjected to radical cutting and repair work. A comparison of the obtained indicators with maximum permissible concentrations is carried out. The accumulation coefficients of heavy metals are calculated and priority pollutants with the highest accumulation coefficients are identified. Using the calculation of the total accumulation indicator, the territory of the recreational area is differentiated by the degree of danger. The enzymatic activity of the soils is reduced due to the ecological state of the soil biosystem of the urban soil. The primary urban plants in the park are Plantago major, Taraxacum officinale, Tussilago farfara, Urtica dioica, Arctium minus. The main pollutants of the park are Ni, Pb and Zn, the content of which is above the MAC and APC levels. The pollution level of the anthropogenic territory of urban soils of the park according to the total chemical pollution indicator is low.
Keywords: urban soils, heavy metals, soil pollution, deforestation, urban environment
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CONTENT OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE IN DIFFERENT PET BOTTLE WASTE FLOWS
S.V. Polygalov, G.V. Ilyinykh
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Perm National Research Polytechnic University», Russia, Perm
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Annotation. As a result of mechanical recycling of used PET bottles, the yield of finished secondary raw materials, PET flakes, is always significantly less than 100 %. The amount of PET flakes after crushing, washing, drying and sorting depends not only on the efficiency of the mechanical recycling line itself, but also on the quality of the incoming flow of PET bottles. Any, at first glance, homogeneous flow of PET bottles arriving at recycling plants contains third-party materials (not PET) and contaminants, however, depending on the adopted system of collection and allocation of secondary resources and the source of formation, the content of contaminants and third-party materials may vary. This paper presents an assessment of the PET content in post-consumer packaging waste in three different flows received for recycling or potentially suitable for recycling: a) in the flow of secondary resources collected in net containers, b) in the flow of secondary resources recovered during sorting of municipal solid waste, and c) in the flow of secondary resources recovered from excavated waste. The total mass fraction of external contaminants in the composition of different PET bottles varies from 0 to 32.5 %, and the share of internal contaminants varies from 7.5 to 47.5 %. In addition, non-PET elements of a PET bottle as finished packaging make up another 10 to 20 % by weight depending on the bottle volume and its intended use. Thus, non-PET materials make up 22 to 48 % by weight of the recycled PET bottle flow and, accordingly, are removed from the flow during recycling. As a result, with mechanical recycling of PET bottles, the yield of finished PET flakes usually does not exceed 70–75 %.
Keywords: PET bottles, PET flakes, plastic waste, waste composition, containers, packaging, pollution, recycling
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NITRIFICATION PROCESSES WITH LONG-TERM USE OF FERTILIZERS IN CROPS OF SUGAR BEET DOMESTIC HYBRIDS IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION
T.N. Podvigina, O.A. Minakova
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar named after A.L. Mazlumov», Russia, Voronezh Region
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Annotation. Intensive nitrification, enriching the soil with mineral nitrogen compounds, indicates optimal soil fertility and largely depends on the genetic characteristics of crop hybrids and the level of soil fertilization. The field experiment was laid down in a grain-beet crop rotation under the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region. Variants with the introduction of different rates of mineral fertilizers and manure were studied; the variant without fertilizers served as a control. The greatest influence of fertilizers on the nitrification value during soil sampling before sowing was manifested in the 0–20 cm layer when using the rate of N135P135K135 + 25 t/ha of manure. In the middle of the growing season, the value of the indicator in the crops of the RMS 121 hybrid was higher than in the other studied hybrids by 10.2–45.2 %. Seasonal dynamics of nitrification capacity was manifested in a minimal decrease in the RMS 121 crop; the yield of this hybrid was most closely related to the value of the indicator. To ensure the highest level of nitrification nitrogen content and root crop yield, it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers under the RMS 127 hybrid together with 25 t/ha of manure after fallow, N120P120K120 + 50 t/ha manure in fallow, and N190P190K190 without manure; RMS 120 - N135P135K135 under sugar beet + 25 t/ha manure in fallow and N120P120K120 + 50 t/ha manure in fallow, RMS 121 - N120P120K120 + 50 t/ha manure after fallow.
Keywords: sugar beet, domestic hybrids, fertilizers, nitrification capacity, yield
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FAMOUS GEOBOTANIST DZYBOV DZHANTEMIR SOSRENOVICH (for the 90th anniversary of birth)
N.G. Lapenko, I.G. Orlova
North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, Russia, Stavropol Krai, Mikhailovsk
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Annotation. The materials on the scientific activities of the famous geobotanist, expert on the mountains and steppes of the North Caucasus, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Dzybov Dzhantemir Sosrenovich (1935–2020) are presented in connection with his 90th anniversary.
Keywords: Dzybov Dzhantemir Sosrenovich, biography, dates of life, geobotany, scientific activity
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