THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
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Scientific and Theoretical Journal
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2026, Vol. 22, № 2
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Founded in 2005
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Published quarterly
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C O N T E N T S
General Ecology
Scientific article
AGROBIOGEOCHEMISTRY – NEW SCIENCE OF THE XXI CENTURY
P.V. Ivashov
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Institute of Water and Environmental Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Khabarovsk, Russia
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Annotation. This article presents the results of long-term studies of the microelement composition of various species of cultivated and wild plants and their products, previously published by the author in the journal "The North Caucasus Ecological Herald". Based on these studies, the author proposes the concept of a new science of the XXI century – Agrobiogeochemistry – that emerged at the intersection of Agrochemistry and Biogeochemistry. It is based on the biogeochemical principle of determining the maximum possible number of microelements (more than 40) in biological objects with high analytical sensitivity. This allows for obtaining optimal information on the quality of natural and cultivated plants and their fruits, vegetables, and root crops as food and food products of plant origin.
Keywords: agrochemistry, biogeochemistry, agrobiogeochemistry, natural and cultivated plants, plant products
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Applied Ecology
Scientific article
BIOLOGIZATION OF SOYBEAN FERTILIZATION SYSTEM USING AZOTOVIT AND PHOSPHATOVIT
L.M. Onishchenko1, V.K. Golubova1, A.V. Shchegolkov2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
2Company «SOKO» LLC, Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. The agronomic effectiveness of the biological preparations Azotovit and Fosfatovit, applied separately and together at various rates, was demonstrated in a soybean agrocenosis of the Unica variety on leached chernozem. Combined application of the biological preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment at rates of 2.3 l/t resulted in grain yield increases of 20.2 and 18.5 %, respectively, compared to the treatment with diammophoska alone applied pre-sowing at the rate of N10P26K26.
Keywords: Azotovit, Phosphatovit, soybeans, yield, leached chernozem
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Scientific article
INFLUENCE OF WINTER WHEAT PLANT DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
A.S. Berezneva, O.E. Matyukhina
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. The importance of winter wheat in the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar Territory stems from its value as a primary source of carbohydrates for humans. This article presents a comparative assessment of the biometric parameters of the Antonina winter wheat variety, developed by the P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture. The study was conducted on an experimental site at the «Kuban» Experimental Farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University.
Keywords: winter wheat, cultivation technologies, plant height, leaf surface area, yield
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Scientific Article
CHANGES IN WINTER WHEAT GRAIN YIELD DEPENDING ON SOIL CULTIVATION METHODS IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
N.N. Neshchadim, A.A. Kvashin, A.V. Koval, M.M. Sazonenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin", Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. The experiment examined the effect of soil preparation methods on the yield of five wheat varieties in the Western Ciscaucasia. A stationary, two-factor field trial was conducted in the Krasnodar Territory (Central Zone). The experiment identified changes in the productivity of these varieties depending on soil preparation methods. The impact of the factors studied (soil preparation methods and varietal characteristics) on grain yield was determined. Changes in seed weight per ear for different winter wheat varieties were also demonstrated depending on the factors studied.
Keywords: Winter wheat, variety, tillage method, yield, grain weight per ear, interaction factors
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Scientific article
EFFECT OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES AND ABIOTIC FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF WINTER WHEAT DAMAGE BY MYCOSES
L.A. Shadrina, V.A. Lazutina, I.V. Bedlovskaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. A field experiment at the «Kuban» Experimental Farm (Kuban State Agrarian University) examined the effects of fertility levels, mineral nutrition, and their combination on winter wheat infestation by obligate fungal parasites. The primary role of agricultural practices and abiotic factors in transforming existing infection foci into epiphytoty as well as their impact on its duration, was demonstrated. The effectiveness of chemical and biological fungicides against phytopathogens was assessed.
Keywords: winter wheat, phytomonitoring, septoria, powdery mildew, cleistothecia, fusarium head blight, epiphytoty, plant residues, infection reserve, fungicide
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Review article
WOOD AND PLANT WASTE FROM GREEN SPACES IN A CLOSED-LOOP ECONOMY
V.A. Senchenko1,2, N.Yu. Belozubova1, E.V. Klimova1
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia
2Volgograd Center for Occupational Safety and Ecology, Volgograd, Russia
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Annotation: The possibility of integrating wood and plant waste generated during landscaping into a closed-loop economy was explored. Options for recycling and reusing wood and plant waste to prevent its disposal in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills were considered. The most suitable methods for integrating wood and plant waste into the closed-loop economy were the use of wood and plant waste as an energy source (direct combustion), the production of wood chips for mulching, and its processing into sawdust for horse bedding.
Keywords: wood and plant waste, waste recycling, closed-loop economy, sawdust, horse bedding, wood chips, mulching
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Review article
ON THE ISSUES OF PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE AMOUNT OF DAMAGE CAUSED TO SOILS AS AN OBJECT OF PROTECTION
M.V. Yatsenko, M.M. Yatsenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. The Methodology for Calculating the Amount of Damage Caused to Soils as an Environmental Protection Object (approved by Order No. 238 of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment dated July 8, 2010) currently in use contains a number of uncertainties and unsubstantiated parameters. This leads to arbitrary interpretations of certain parameters, can significantly impact the economic outcome of the calculation, and increases risks for natural resource users. An analysis of the Methodology's shortcomings has been conducted; these can be considered and taken into account during its further improvement to ensure its correct application.
Keywords: damage, soil, natural resource user, damage calculation method, fertile soil layer, background content, pollutant
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Scientific article
ECOLOGY IN THE PROGRAMS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF THE REGION
A.S. Gordeev1, O.O. Getokov1, M.M. Dolov2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «V.M. Kokov Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University», Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ingush State University», Magas, Ingushetia, Russia
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Annotation. About 50 % of the country's population lives in rural areas. The ongoing National projects, federal and territorial targeted programs pursue as their main task the creation of comfortable living conditions for villagers. A lot has been done so far, especially in the social sphere. At the same time, there are many pressing issues in the areas of employment and environmental protection. Domestic and foreign experience shows that environmental problems cannot be solved in isolation from solving industrial and social problems. The paper proposes a model for planning the integrated socio-economic development of rural settlements in the region. providing for priority financing and implementation of measures that create a comfortable environment for villagers. The practical significance of the research results lies in the simplicity and accessibility of their implementation, their focus on solving urgent problems of the population of rural settlements in the region: increasing employment and reducing the outflow of rural able-bodied population by creating comfortable environmental conditions for their living and livelihoods.
Keywords: ecology, rural area, vital activity of the population, integration and cooperation
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Scientific article
CONTRIDUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GROUND BEETLE GENUS CARABUS (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) OF KH.G. SHAPOSHNIKOV CAUCASUS STATE NATURAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE. 3rd COMMUNICATION
A.Yu.P. Atrokhina1, D.D. Fominykh2, A.S. Zamotajlov3
1Federal State Budgetary Institution «Kh.G. Shaposhnikov Caucasus State Natural Biosphere Reserve», Maykop, Republic of Adygea, Russia
2Kuban Branch of Russian Entomological Society, Krasnodar, Russia
3DSc in Biology, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. This article presents the results of a 2024 study of the ecology and distribution of ground beetles of the genus Carabus at 11 locations within the Caucasus State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Eleven species were recorded, their distribution within the reserve was clarified, and their ecological preferences at the experimental plots were noted. Two of these species are included in the Red Data Books of Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea, and one is included in the federal Red Data Book.
Keywords: Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae), genus Carabus, Caucasus State Reserve, species diversity, ecological features
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Biodiversity and Bioresources
Scientific article
NEW LOCATIONS OF PROTECTED PLANT SPECIES IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
I.V. Rudenko1, N.A. Pikalova2, O.A. Shumkova3
1Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian Peoples' Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba», Moscow, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University», Krasnodar, Russia
3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. Information on new locations of plants protected in Krasnodar Territory is provided, obtained as a result of studies of the mountainous and foothill areas of the Apsheronsky, Mostovsky, Labinsky, and Otradnensky districts. Twenty-two habitats have been identified for 11 species included in the Red Book of Krasnodar Territory, two of which, Iris furcata M. Bieb. and Solenanthus dubius Fisch. & C.A. Mey., have the rarity status category 2 IS – «Endangered species». Cyclamen coum subsp. caucasicum (K. Koch) O. Schwarz is included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. For Klasea radiata (Waldst. & Kit.) Á. Löve & D. Löve, the first location for the Belo-Labinsky botanical and geographical region (in the Krasnodar Territory) has been identified. The data provided make it possible to expand the regional range of protected species and update the information in the forthcoming fourth edition of the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory for more effective planning of conservation measures and the conservation of taxa in natural conditions.
Keywords: flora, protected species, the Red Book, floristic finds, Western Caucasus, Skalisty Ridge, Pastbischny Ridge, Krasnodar Territory
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Scientific article
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF WILD SPECIES OF THE GENUS ONOBRYCHIS MILL., DESCRIBED FROM THE TERRITORY OF AZERBAIJAN
H.M. Azizkhanly
Institute of Genetic Resources of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Annotation. This study assesses the regional conservation status of species of the genus Onobrychis described from the territory of Azerbaijan. These include the following seven species of the genus Onobrychis: O. schuschajensis O.D. Agajeva, O. bakuensis Ranjbar, Vitek & Karamian, O. heterophylla C.A. Mey., O. hohenackeriana C.A. Mey., O. atropatana Boiss., O. komarovii Grossh., and O. vaginalis C.A. Mey. The degree of threat for each species was assessed according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Internet resources, herbarium collections, and literary data were also used in the assessment process. Species nomenclature was based on the international taxonomic databases World Flora Online, The Plant List, and IPNI. To determine the threat status of endemic species of the genus, area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) were calculated using the Geospatial Conservation Assessment Tool (GeoCAT). According to IUCN categories, the species were classified as follows: one species – EX (Extinct), one species – EN (Endangered), two species – VU (Vulnerable), one species – NT (Near Threatened), and two species – LC (Least Concern). Descriptions of endemic species of the genus are provided in accordance with IUCN Red List standards. A distribution map of the Caucasian endemic and subendemic species of the genus is presented.
Keywords: rare species, endemism, IUCN, Onobrychis
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Scientific article
ALOE VACILLANS – ENDEMIC PLANT OF YEMEN: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
A.A.M. Al-Gaadbi1, S.H.S. Azzam1, B.M. Alattab1, F.A. Alarbagy1, H.M. Ibrahim1, S. Al-Arnut1, M. Hamood1, M. Ali Almaktari1, V.V. Verkhoturov2
1University of Sana'a, Sana'a, Yemen
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kaliningrad State Technical University», Kaliningrad, Russia
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Annotation. The aim of this work was to determine the main chemical components of extracts from the leaves of the endemic species Aloe vacillans Forssk (Yemen), as well as to evaluate their antioxidant and biological activity. The research objects were extracts from the leaves of A. vacillans differing in flower color. The conducted studies established that the leaf extract of A. vacillans contains a fairly wide spectrum of biologically active compounds, in particular, alkaloids (4.8–5 %), flavonoids (1,0–1.2 %), phenolic compounds (0.4–0.5 %), and tannins. GC-MS analysis of the petroleum ether extract from A. vacillans (red/yellow flower color, respectively) revealed the presence of bioactive compounds: oleic acid (54.64/38.73 %), linolenic acid (17.70/20.86 %), and 2-octylcyclopropen-1-heptanol (22.27/20.51 %), palmitic acid (0.59/1.75 %); 2-octylcyclopropen-1-heptanol (22.27/20.51 %); beta-sitosterol (red flower color – 0.5 %); gamma-sitosterol (yellow flower color – 6.01 %), and other compounds in smaller amounts. The content of ascorbic acid in the ethanol extracts of A. vacillans leaves was: 244 µg ASC/mg (red flower color) and 232 µg ASC/mg (yellow flower color). The results of the determination of antioxidant enzyme activity are as follows (respectively, red/yellow flower color): superoxide dismutase – 0.275 and 0.273 U/mg; catalase – 3.50 and 5.55 U/mg; peroxidase – 0.0011 U/mg and 0.0049 U/mg. Thus, the presence of a number of significant biochemical compounds in the raw material of this plant reveals the prospect for further scientific research on the development of new biologically active substances for the creation of plant-based medicines.
Keywords: Aloe vacillans, chemical composition, biological activity, antioxidants
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Scientific article
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES AND METHODS FOR RESTRICTING THE SPREAD OF THEIR INVASION IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
N.M. Kopyt
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saint Petersburg State Forest Engineering University named after S.M. Kirov», Russia
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Annotation. Invasive plant species represent one of the most urgent environmental threats of our time, having a significant impact on the structure and functional state of natural and artificial ecosystems. This problem is particularly acute in regions with a high natural value of biological diversity and significant anthropogenic pressure, including the North-West of the Russian Federation. In this paper, modern methods of identifying invasive plants are considered with an emphasis on practices for the flora of the region, as well as strategies for limiting the further spread of their invasion. The effectiveness of molecular, morphological, information and analytical methods, as well as biological, agrotechnical and regulatory measures is analyzed. Proposals for improving phytosanitary monitoring and interagency cooperation aimed at reducing the rate of invasion in the North-Western Federal District are outlined.
Keywords: invasive plants, identification, Northwest region, restriction methods, monitoring, biological control, phytosanitary control, GIS technologies, biodiversity
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Scientific article
HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.
E.V. Lopatina
Stavropol Botanical Garden – «North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center», Stavropol, Russia
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Annotation. This article presents a review of publications on the origin of the cultivated apple tree Malus domestica Borkh. and its genetic relationships with wild Malus species: M. sieversii, M. orientalis, M. sylvestris, and M. baccata. The results of studies of the morphological features, geographic distribution, and hybridization of these species are analyzed. The analysis showed that the Sievers apple tree (M. sieversii), being the main ancestor of the domestic apple tree, was subjected to the greatest influence from the wild forest apple tree (M. sylvestris), the impact of the genes of the oriental apple tree (M. orientalis) was lesser, and the contribution of the genes of the berry apple tree (M. baccata) was minimal due to geographic isolation. A historical and evolutionary analysis is conducted, the participation of megafauna in the formation of large-sized fruits is noted, and the historical contribution of local peoples to the processes of domestication of apple species is analyzed. The high vulnerability of wild apple populations due to intensive economic activity and uncontrolled gene flow from Malus domestica is substantiated. The need for in-situ and ex-situ conservation of wild apple species is highlighted, and measures taken to protect biodiversity are discussed. The study utilized a bibliographic analysis of domestic and international publications. The results obtained will provide a better understanding of the evolutionary history of the domestic apple and the need to preserve the unique genetic resources of its wild ancestors.
Keywords: Malus domestica, M. sieversii, M. orientalis, M. sylvestris, biodiversity, wild fruit trees, gene pool, plant resources, apple tree
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Scientific article
YIELD OF SUNFLOWER VARIETIES AND F2 HYBRIDS IN SOUTHERN TAJIKISTAN
A.A. Boboev1, K. Partoev2
1Dangara State University, settlement Dangara, Khatlon Region, Tajikistan
2Institute of Plant Botany, Physiology, and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
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Annotation. The article presents the results of a study of the features of yield formation in sunflower varieties and F2 hybrids in the south of Tajikistan, at the altitude of 350 m above sea level. It was found that with spring sowing and compliance with agricultural practices, the yield of parental forms fluctuates within the range of 3.90-5.25 t/ha, and that of hybrids - 7.25-8.10 t/ha. Full-fledged seeds in heads were formed in the range from 67 to 83% for the varieties, and 84 to 93% for the hybrids. The variation in the seed weight trait in heads was 31-89 g for sunflower varieties, and 130-150 g for hybrids. The average yield of all sunflower varieties and hybrids in the experiment was 5.64 t/ha. The highest yield (8.10 t/ha) was obtained from the F2 hybrid (L-2 × L-3) with gray seeds. Relatively low yields were obtained from the Uzbekiston, Nuravshon, and Samaranok-40 sunflower varieties: 1.75, 4.40, and 4.92 t/ha, respectively.
Keywords: sunflower, sunflower head, number of seeds per head, full-fledged seeds, yield
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Scientific article
STABILITY AND PLASTICITY OF OAT SAMPLES OF THE SCANDINAVIAN ECOLOGICAL GROUP
A.V. Laptev
The Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate division of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences"», Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Annotation. This article is part of a series of studies examining the ecological characteristics of oat accessions from various adaptive groups. This paper examines the characteristics of nine oat accessions from the Scandinavian ecological group, including the following varieties: Mutica, Aristata, and Byzantina. Stability and plasticity indicators were assessed, and trends in variation, plasticity, and stability characteristic of both the varieties and the specific sample for the studied indicators were identified. Two stable varieties with statistically significant differences in average 1,000-kernel weight compared to the standard were identified (Steinar, SW Betania).
Keywords: oats, plasticity, stability, vegetation, yield, weight, ecogroup
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Monitoring of Ecological Systems
Scientific article
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF HARMFUL CHEMICALS IN EMISSIONS FROM NUCLEAR INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
G.A. Demidenko, D.Yu. Zorin, D.M. Badarchy
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University», Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Annotation. This article presents an analysis of the environmental impact dynamics of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Mining and Chemical Plant (FSUE MCP) based on environmental reports for the period 2008–2020. Discharges of hazardous chemicals (HCS) into the Yenisei River and the atmosphere are examined. Emission volumes have been declining since the shutdown of the ADE-2 reactor in 2010, and all indicators are within the MAC, DS, and MPE standards. There is a trend toward minimizing impacts through production optimization and modernization of treatment systems.
Keywords: environmental monitoring, harmful chemicals, emissions into the hydrosphere and atmosphere, industrial enterprise, nuclear industry
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Scientific article
MOTOR TRANSPORT AS A SOURCE OF POLLUTION OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS
O.A. Melnik, S.A. Goman
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. This article presents an assessment of motor vehicles as a major source of urban pollution (using the Luchegorsk urban settlement in the Pozharsky District of Primorsky Krai as a case study). A functional zoning of the studied urban ecosystem was conducted. In each functional zone, test sites were established near roads with varying levels of congestion. As a result, the vehicle traffic intensity in the urban settlement was assessed and the level of atmospheric pollution from vehicle exhaust gases (based on CO concentrations) was calculated. A direct correlation was found between traffic intensity, vehicle flow composition, and the level of carbon monoxide pollution. The site located near the Vladivostok-Khabarovsk federal highway was identified as the busiest, with an average traffic intensity of 450 vehicles per hour and an estimated atmospheric CO concentration of 14.22 mg/m³, which exceeded the MAC by almost three times. Furthermore, exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration were also recorded at sites with low vehicle traffic volumes, but with the presence of trucks and located near important social facilities (sites No. 2, 3, and 5). At sites with very light traffic (predominantly passenger cars) and located far from major infrastructure, no excess CO concentrations were detected.
Keywords: Luchegorsk urban-type settlement, urban ecosystem, functional zoning, motor transport, atmospheric air, CO concentration
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Scientific article
HISTORICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE URBAN RECREATIONAL ZONE
A.O. Ragimov1,2, N.V. Chugai1,2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov», Vladimir, Russia
2Vladimir branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volga Region Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vladimir, Russia
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Annotation. This article examines the historical and biological aspects of the formation and transformation of green spaces using the Vladimir Central Park of Culture and Recreation as a case study. Archival materials were analyzed, field studies of the current state of the green spaces were conducted, and the dynamics of species composition were determined. The key role of the park in the structure of the city industrial zone was identified as a factor in improving recreational conditions for the population and enhancing the quality of the urban environment. Current dendrological indicators, plant layering, and resistance to anthropogenic conditions were determined. A historical perspective is presented on how changes in the biodiversity and ecological functions of the park impacted the quality of the recreational environment for industrial workers.
Keywords: Historical and biological aspects, green zones, industrial areas, landscaping, industrial landscape, environmental rehabilitation, species composition, plant adaptation, technogenic conditions, Vladimir region
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Scientific article
STATUS OF AGROFESTRY RECLAMATION PLANTINGS IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE DINSKY DISTRICT (KRASNODAR TERRITORY) AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR RECONSTRUCTION
I.P. Kolesnikova, N.V. Chernysheva, V.A. Pogorelova, V.M. Smolentsev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russia
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Annotation. Scientific research and agronomic practice demonstrate the high effectiveness of shelterbelts in minimizing climate risks and maintaining soil fertility in agriculture. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the current state of shelterbelts in the eastern Dinsky District of Krasnodar Territory, a region where their establishment peaked in the 1960s and 1970s. In 2025, an inventory of six shelterbelts (4.52 hectares) was conducted using the assessment method of sum of biomorphological features. The type of structure (windproof, openwork), species composition, biometric indicators, and sanitary condition categories of the stands were determined. The calculated values of the weighted average condition category (WAC) for all surveyed belts varied from 2.7 to 3.4, exceeding the threshold of 2.51 and officially classifying the stands as weakened. The most problematic are windproof shelterbelts dominated by common ash and false acacia. English oak, honey locust, and Eurasian smoke tree have been identified as resilient species prioritized for restoration. Based on the research results, practical recommendations have been developed, including urgent sanitary and restoration felling in the most degraded strips, replacing weakened species with resilient ones, and optimizing the spatial structure of the stands to restore their windbreak and soil-protecting functions.
Keywords: shelterbelts, agroforestry, inventory, sanitary condition, average weighted condition category, reconstruction of plantings, sustainable tree species
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Scientific Article
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PERSISTENCE OF TOXOCARA NATURAL FOCI IN URBAN AREAS
L.V. Pilip, O.V. Byakova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vyatka State Agrotechnological University», Kirov, Russia
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Annotation. This article presents an analysis of the toxocariasis situation in the Kirov Region from 1997 to 2024. It is revealed that the region is characterized by a persistent natural focal nature of the spread of this zoonosis. The relevance of this problem is due to the high level of contamination of environmental objects (soil in parks, playgrounds, and residential areas) with toxocara eggs, likely contributed to by the significant infestation of urban domestic and stray dogs. The dynamics of human and canine disease incidence, the spatial distribution of cases across the region's districts, and soil monitoring studies are analyzed. Key risk factors contributing to the pathogen's circulation have been identified, and a set of preventive measures has been proposed.
Keywords: human toxocariasis, canine toxocariasis, zoonosis, helminthiasis, infestation, epidemiological surveillance, Kirov Oblast, factors of risk
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Ecological Situation in Rural Areas
Scientific article
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS AS A FACTOR IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AND MOUNTAIN AREAS
T.Kh. Kabaloev, S.G. Zaseev, R.I. Sebetova, B.M. Tatrov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Gorsky State Agrarian University», Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia
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Annotation: This article examines the role of small hydropower plants (SHPs) in ensuring the environmentally sustainable development of rural and mountainous areas lacking a reliable centralized power supply. It is argued that the key advantage of SHPs is their ability to generate electricity with a minimal carbon footprint, without disrupting the natural hydrological regime of rivers and preserving the integrity of natural landscapes. Unlike large hydropower plants, small hydropower eliminates large-scale flooding of land, does not impede fish migration, and does not degrade floodplain ecosystems. A comparative analysis of the environmental impacts of various generation types is conducted, confirming the environmental advantages of SHPs over traditional fossil fuel energy. Special attention is given to the potential for integrating SHPs into hybrid systems with other renewable sources, thereby completely eliminating the use of diesel fuel and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The example of the Fasnalskaya SHP (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania) demonstrates the practical implementation of environmentally responsible energy supply principles in mountainous areas. It is concluded that the development of small hydropower acts as a catalyst for the comprehensive transformation of rural areas, harmoniously combining economic growth with the preservation of ecological balance and the biodiversity of water bodies.
Keywords: small hydropower, environmental safety, renewable energy sources, sustainable rural development, biodiversity conservation, decarbonization
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