ISBN 978-5-94672-542-2

The problem of interpretation the soil’s respiration data as quantitative characteristic of its biological activity and ecological gaseous function is investigated in laboratory and field experiments. Physical hydrotermical factors influence biogenic component of soil respiration as well as its abiotic compounds  (phased interaction, gaseous transport). Thus wide-spread pure biological interpretation of carbon dioxide emission from the soil is not correct and it often leads to wrong results and conclusions. Abiotic factors contribution to soil’s respiration is investigated at quantitative level with using original experiments connected with the problem of ecological evaluation gaseous function of soil as source, sink and reservoir of organic carbon in terms to atmosphere. 

The results are discussed of heavy metals concentration’s evaluation in various plant growing products, which are used as fodder in different seasons of the year.

The concentration level of different heavy metals is analyzed at the distance of 0-5 and 5-20 cm in ordinary chernozem. Thus in soil samples from: 1) ploughed field after winter wheat harvesting; 2) woodland park at the beginning of leaf fall; 3) fallow land after ripening of Bermuda grass seeds. It has been shown that heavy metals and manganese behave differently in various agrolandscape compartments, according to the way of their utilization.

The results are analyzed of investigation of some heavy metals (Co, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni) and manganese in cattle tissues and wastes. The content of given elements varies by years and seasons. The elements have been marked out which concentrate in tissues and organs lower than fixed levels.

On the basis of vegetation and field investigations the opportunities are considered of some agricultural and industrial wastes’ utilization for conservation of the organic substance in soil.

Yak was introduced to alpine areas of the North Caucasus more than 30 years ago. Recent yak pastures were studied in Kendellesu valley, Karachai-Cherkessian Republik. Floristic richness of main alpine communities do not differ from correspondent communities in protected areas. Yaks disturb and destruct upper soil horizons on siltstones due to the low erosion persistence of the soils. We recommend forbidding yak grazing on alpine siltstone soils.

Reasonability of worms’ cultivation is considered, which are adapted to the conditions of oil pollution for the purposes of nature conservation technologies. Optimal parameters of vermiculture have been established for obtaining worm’s population, stable to hydrocarbon pollution of substrates.

Estimation of the specific, quantitative and trophic descriptions biocenoses venus and mytilus in the beach bar of the Sochi coast is conducted.

The results have been summarized of long-term investigations of ecological-phytocenotic peculiarities of short-rhizome orchids under the conditions of the North-West Caucasus. Together with the similarity in structure of this orchids’ living form, the author analyzes some differences in their assimilation of various spaces.