THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Registration certificate ПИ № ФС 77-21756, reg. 30.08.2005
Science and Theory Journal 2014, V. 10, №1
Founded in 2005 Published 4 times a year
C O N T E N T S
UDC 504.54:546.42(470.620)
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS WITHIN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCT OF CHEMICAL PLANT IN BELORECHENSK
Beluchenko Ivan Stepanovich
Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, Kuban State Agrarian University, 350044, Krasnodar, Russia. E-mail:
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Murav’ev Evgeny Ivanovich
Doctor of Biological Sciences, president of corporation LLC "Development-Yug", 350072, Krasnodar, Moscovskaya street, 69/1
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The most powerful sources of environmental pollution are the chemical industry. Among the measures to stabilize and improve the ecological situation in the areas of operation of such enterprises special attention is paid to system of production and environmental monitoring. Main ways of pollution major blocks agricultural landscapes surrounding Belorechensky chemical plant: soil, surface water and bottom sediments, air, vegetation are analyzed for the first time in edge. The accumulation of significant amounts of solid waste containing heavy metals has a significant impact on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, water, on air, plants and wildlife. The data many years of research were processed statistically. Zoning of territory on the scattering of emission of the smelter containing heavy metals is proposed. Contamination of soils in the zone of influence of factory determined by the duration and strength of air flow during the year and occurs no concentric circles, and the curved curve. High number of microscopic fungi and reducing biodiversity of the bacterial flora and macrofauna in soils within the limits 1500 meters of the plant are marked. The vegetation surrounding landscapes is presented meadow-fallow phytocoenoses with presence in communities a large number of indigenous species. This demonstrates the potential of self-healing ecosystems. At the aqueous systems significantly increases the content of heavy metals and phenols, and the rigidity and pH of the water . Expediency of use of phosphogypsum as a gray-calcium-phosphorus fertilizer, as well as to accelerate the processing of manure is shown.
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UDC 544.723.21
CONCENTRATION AND DETERMINATION ON THE SORBENT CB-1-A IONS OF CU (II), ZN (II) AND CD (II)
Shachnefa Eugene Yurevna
candidate of chemical sciences, assistant professor of analytical and physical chemistry, Astrakhan State University, Russia, Astrakhan
Archibasova Daria Evgenievna
student of the Faculty of Chemistry, Astrakhan State University, Russia, Astrakhan
Magomedova Elvira Magomedovna
student of the Faculty of Chemistry, Astrakhan State University, Russia, Astrakhan
Zuhayraeva Ajshat Sultanovna
student of the Faculty of Chemistry, Astrakhan State University, Russia, Astrakhan
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Wastewater various industries contain high concentrations of heavy metals. Sorbents with a high absorption efficiency are necessary for purify wastewater. Modified sorbent (CB-1-A) on the basis gaize of the Astrakhan region prepared and tested. The absorption capacity of these gaize is at the level absorbency of active carbons. For creation sorbent with a large number of micropores in a mixture of "gaize - portlandcement 500 - pyrolusite" were added a solution of sodium chloride. Method of producing a sorbent is described. Adsorption of metal ions (copper, zinc and cadmium) on a sorbent CB-1-A was studied. Comparative studying sorption of metals on the considered sorbent was conducted. Isotherms of static sorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions were studied, the change in enthalpy (DH) isobaric-isothermal potential (DG) and entropy (DS) sorption were calculated. The results obtained during the study indicate about high effectiveness of the modified sorbent CB-1-A for water purification from toxic heavy metals. This will allow a number of environmental problems.
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UDC 504.75.05:54:544.723.21
METHODS OF WASTEWATER PURIFICATION FROM TOXICANTS VARIOUS CLASSES
Shachnefa Eugene Yurevna
candidate of chemical sciences, assistant professor of analytical and physical chemistry, Astrakhan State Uni-versity, Russia, Astrakhan
Solovyov Lilia Vyacheslavovna
student of the Faculty of Chemistry, Astrakhan State University, Russia, Astrakhan
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Water - the most valuable of natural resource. But with the rise of industrialization water bodies do not cope with such a significant pollution. In this regard, there was a need to neutralize, treat waste water and recycle them. Methods of purification of waste waters from toxicants different classes of industrial enterprises of various spheres of activity and water treatment plants are presented in the article. Regenerative method of purification is discussed in detail. Ten ways of waste water purification on examples of specific substances - flocculants are presented. Efficiency, sensitivity, accuracy are the main criteria that guide the researcher when choosing a method of purification. However, not all the methods described in the article are available in due to the use of expensive equipment, reagents, so the development of new and improvement of existing methods of sewage purification from toxicants of different classes is relevant now.
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UDC 661.246.1
CHANGING OF HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY N-(PHOSPHONOMETHYL) GLYCINE AT JOINT APPLICATION WITH ULTRASONIC SPRAYING AND ORGANIC ACIDS-INTERMEDIATES OF KREBS CYCLE
Vereshchagin Alexander Leonidovich
doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General Chemistry and examination of goods, Biysk Technological Institute (branch), Altai State Technical University I.I. Polzunova, Russia, Biysk
Zakhar'eva Yulia Ivanovna
postgraduate of the department general chemistry and examination of goods, Biysk Technological Institute (branch), Altai State Technical University I. I. Polzunova, Russia, Biysk E-mail:
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Modern agriculture is impossible without the use of plant protection products many of whom are herbicides based on N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine - glyphosate. Increase in activity plant growth stimulants with ultrasonic irradiation has been shown previously. Combined use of organic acids - intermediates of Krebs cycle, herbicide on based N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine and ultrasonic dispersion was studied in this work. When processing of plants phacelia (Phacelia) and white mustard (Sinapis alba) at age 14 days were used three methods of treatment: spraying manually, ultrasonic frequency of 22 MHz and 2.5. Obtained results show increasing of phytotoxicity Application of high-frequency ultrasonic atomization resulted in the loss of the phytotoxicity of the herbicide which can be the result of hydrolysis of the ancillary components of the herbicide.herbicide due to synergies OKTSK and ultrasonic atomization frequency 22 kHz. Application of high-frequency ultrasonic atomization resulted in the loss of the phytotoxicity of the herbicide which can be the result of hydrolysis of the ancillary components of the herbicide.
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UDC 661.305.4
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF N-(PHOSPHONOMETHYL) GLYCINE AT JOINT APPLICATION WITH ORGANIC ACIDS - INTERMEDIATES OF THE KREBS CYCLE
Vereshchagin Alexander Leonidovich
Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General Chemistry and examination of goods, Biysk Technological Institute (branch), Altai State Technical University I. I. Polzunova, Russia, Biysk
Zakhar'eva Yulia Ivanovna
postgraduate of the department general chemistry and examination of goods, Biysk Technological Institute (branch), Altai State Technical University I. I. Polzunova, Russia, Biysk E-mail:
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Number of herbicides consumed in agriculture, continuously growing every year, that is the reason of genetic and allergic reactions. Previous studies demonstrated the possibility of reducing the rates of application of formulations herbicides. In this paper, we studied the effect of organic acids – intermediates of the Krebs cycle with concentration of 10M on improve the effectiveness of herbicides based on N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine. As crop plants was used white mustard (Sinápis álba). For the study was used a herbicide "Glifos" containing 360 g / l of N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine and 180 g / l surfactant. Experimental samples were prepared by diluting of herbicide. The results showed increasing phytotoxicity of herbicides to 13% at joint application with malic acid and up to 7% - with amber acid. Use of a mixture of acids caused to increase phytotoxicity by the herbicide 6,6-15,9%. Microfield and field tests showed the possibility of reducing the rates of application N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine is about twice when used together with the mixture organic acids - intermediates of the Krebs cycle.
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UDC 658.567:66.040
DANGEROUS WASTES: GENERAL SITUATION AND NEW SOLUTIONS IN THE HANDLING OF DANGEROUS AND TOXIC WASTE IN THE INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE
Kassimov Alexander Medzhitovich
doctor of technical sciences, professor, chief researcher at the Center, Academician Ukrainian Ecological Academy of Sciences, Academician of the European Academy of Natural Sciences, State Enterprise "Ukrainian Scientific-Technical Center metallurgical industry" Energostal ", Ukraine, 61166, Kharkov,
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Objective assessment of influence dangerous (DW) and toxic (TW) of wastes on person and the environment is an important component in the system create ecological-economic, hygienic and social relations in modern society. The volume of formation and accumulation DW and TW on the territory of Ukraine is significantly higher than in Europe. Level of use of TW is 15-30%, the amount of destruction - ≈ 1%. The total volume of this waste is accumulated about 4.4 billion tons. Donbas region recognized as zone of ecological disaster, because technogenic load on the environment in the region higher than in neighboring countries at 5-15 times. Brief overview of the problem of pollution by dangerous wastes in areas of industrial regions of Ukraine is presented, situation which has developed in regarding the management of persistent organic pollutants, including in the list of POPs, which must destruction or disposal in according to the decisions of the Stockholm Conference on POPs is characterized. To the category superecotoxicants relate radionuclides, some HM (Hg, Cd, Cr, Be) and metalloids (As, Se), which are mutagenic and carcinogenic, and a number of compounds from the class of PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans, dibenzo-n-dioxins, pesticides.
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UDC 519.713: 504.064
METHODOLOGICAL AND INFORMATION PROVISION OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL-TECHNOGENIC OBJECTS
Kassimov Alexander Medzhitovich
doctor of technical sciences, professor, chief researcher at the Center, Academician Ukrainian Ecological Academy of Sciences, Academician of the European Academy of Natural Sciences, State Enterprise "Ukrainian Scientific-Technical Center metallurgical industry" Energostal ", Ukraine, 61166, Kharkov,
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. ua
Koszulia Tat'yana Vladimirovna
doctor of technical sciences, professor of department of computer monitoring and logistics, National Technical University "KPI", Ukraine, 61002, Kharkiv, tel. +38-057-707-64-74;
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Emelyanov Daria Igorevna
junior research worker "Ukrainian Scientific-Technical Center metallurgical industry" Energostal "graduate student, National Technical University" KPI ", Ukraine, 61002, Kharkiv
Kozulia Maria Mikhailovna
Master of the Department of Computer monitoring and logistics National Technical University "KPI", 61002, Ukraine, Kharkiv
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Currently, many various of integrated indicators of quality environmentally safe functioning of the natural environment are proposed and developed. Especially actual questions evaluation of environment under implementation of the concept of sustainable development, essence of which is that the socio-economic development must ensure the preservation of the natural state of the environment, the lack of decline in the quality and safety of life people. The indicator of ecological development of the social system is qualitative and quantitative evaluation of level of health of the population. The purpose of research is the formation of methodology of integrated assessment of socio-ecological-economic condition of loaded objects. Integrated assessment model of condition natural-technical objects and results of a comparative evaluation of different methods of quantitative analysis on compliance with environmental systems are presented. Calculation formula of index and coefficient of ecological compatibility of technological process and algorithm of provide a comprehensive analysis at PTF are presented.
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UDC 556.31:622.5:574:539.1.04
INFLUENCE OF "WET" CONSERVATION OF MINES ON CONDITION GROUNDWATER OF STA-KHANOV'S MINING DISTRICT
Oudalov Igor Valerevich
candidate of technical sciences, deputy dean by innovative work of the Faculty of geology-geography, associate professor of department of hydrogeology, Kharkiv National University V. N. Karazina, 61077 Kharkov, Ukraine, tel. / Fax (057) -707-54-59;
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The problem of restructuring the coal mining industry of Ukraine assumes of converting mine to a safe object. Closure of mines by "wet" Conservation is the least expensive, but significantly increases the technogenic impact on the environment. Basic geological and hydrological processes caused by "wet" conservation Donbass coal mines are described. Geological, hydrogeological, tectonic features of the structure of Stakhanov's mining region are given. Analysis of mineralization of mine water abandoned mines Stakhanov district are conducted. Assessing of impact reset of highly mineralized water of mine water outflow on the qualitative composition of the groundwater water used intake Svetlichanskim are presented. Results radioecological investigations conducted on the industrial site the mine "Proletarian" are described. The results of research on the content of radon in groundwater on investigated territory are given. During the liquidation of mine should be carried out constant local monitoring of all units at surrounding ecosystems.
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UDC 629.3.027.5:628.54
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BASIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBER OF USED AUTOMOBILE TIRES DUR-ING MECHANICAL DEGRADATION
Stalinskyi Dmitriy Vitalevich
doctor of technical sciences, professor, CEO, Ukrainian Scientific-Technical Center Metallurgical Industry "ENERGOSTAL"; Ukraine, 61166, Kharkiv
Skoromniy Andrey Leonidovich
Deputy Director of structural division Ukrainian Scientific-Technical Center Metallurgical Industry "ENERGOSTAL", Ukraine, 61166, Kharkov,
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One of acute environmental problems to be solved at the present time, is the problem of environmental pollution worning of automobile tires. Among the most promising technologies is the technology of thermochemical degradation with obtain liquid and solid fuel energy and steel cord. Basic properties of ground rubber obtained by mechanical disruption of used tires are outlined. Grinding samples of used tires with textile cord was performed in laboratory rollers, similar to industrial, during 30-120 min. The dependence of size crumb rubber from the duration grinding in a laboratory mill when mechanodegradation is showed. Significant influence on the properties of crumb rubber from duration of machining is established. The research results can be used to develop systems pneumatic transport crushed automobile tires in technological schemes their utilization by variety of methods. A hardware-technological scheme of mechanical and thermal recycling of shredded rubber crumb is offered.
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UDC 631.879.42: 631.46
COMPLEX COMPOST AND TRANSFORMATION OF NITROGEN IN THE UPPER LAYER OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
Beluchenko Ivan Stepanovich
Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor of Kuban State Agrarian University, 350044, Krasnodar, Russia. E-mail:
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A substantial portion of nitrogen in the soil (98%) is located in organic compounds and plants use its mostly in mineral form (ammonium and nitrate). Great importance is the process of biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, which provides its constant flow in topsoil; most work is done by symbiotic and associative fixation of nitrogen. Permanent loss of nitrogen as a result of leaching and denitrification processes occur with the arrival its in soil. The preparation and introduction of complex compost in topsoil significantly affects on the number of trophic groups of soil microorganisms and conditions for their activity.
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UDC 502.74
RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF INSECTS IN ORGANIZATION OF ECOTOURISM IN THE WESTERN CAUCASUS
Bibin Alexei Richardovich
candidate of biological sciences Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center, RAS.
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Varzareva Vitaly Grigorevna
candidate of biological sciences Associate Professor, Head of the Department of forestry disciplines. Maikop State Technological Institute
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Basis for the preservation of ecosystems and biota should be the development of territorial forms of protection and involvement of local people in the process of sustained management, conservation and restoration of biodiversity resources. Ecotourists enjoy nature those places that they visit, while keeping nature and its biodiversity. One of the types of ecological tour can be observation and wildlife photography of insects. Examples of special entomological ecotourism in the world practice are given. The Caucasus is one of the centers of species formation and characterized by its high percentage of endemism. Insects may also have a role in eco-tourism of the Western Caucasus.
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UDC 579.695; 546.85; 502.55; 661.63
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROBIAL METABOLISM AND RATE OF DESTRUCTION OF WHITE PHOSPHORUS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE
Mindubaev Anton Zufarovich
Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry A. E. Arbuzov, Kazan Scientific Center RAS. 420088, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, ul. Arbuzov 8,
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.
Alimova Farida Kashifovna
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemistry, Biology and Soil Faculty, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Kremlevskaya street 18.
Ahossiyenagbe Serge Kojo
Postgraduate student the Department of Biochemistry, Biology and Soil Faculty, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Kremlevskaya street 18.
Minzanova Salim Tahiyatullovna
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry. A.E. Arbuzov, 420088, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, ul. Arbuzov 8.
Mironova Lyubov Gennadievna
Research Engineer, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry A.E. Arbuzov, Kazan Scientific Center RAS 420088, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, ul. Arbuzov 8.
Yahvarov Dmitriy Grigorevich
Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry A. E. Arbuzov, Kazan Scientific Center RAS. 420088, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, ul. Arbuzov 8.
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In the previous works we have demonstrated for the first time the possibility of white phosphorus (dangerous industrial pollutant) biodegradation by the wastewater sludge from waste disposal plant. Microorganisms cultures are obtained, growing on substrata with white phosphorus content 0.01 and even 0.1%. It is demonstrated that white phosphorus degradation rate is directly proportional to activity of microflora metabolic processes, what is the evidence of just biological destruction. Judging by the change in composition of escaping gaseous products, one can make a conclusion about more high stability of eubacteria to white phosphorus compared to that of methanogens. This discovery can form the basis for the creation of new more efficient methods for preventing this substance ingress in the environment. The fact of biodegradation was initially assumed – the population of microorganisms in the municipal sewerage takes place in the process of Р4 degradation. However there were no direct evidences of biodegradation - white phosphorus, being chemically active substance, can transform even under the effect of abiotic factors. In this work there reported the results of experiment, in which microflora was activated non-simultaneously in three parallel tests. The Р4 concentration decrease in media is in inverse proportion to the duration of microflora growth lag-phase, as it was demonstrated by GCMS method. This fact indicates at the white phosphorus biodegradation process.
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UDC 631.421
ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF BIOHUMUS ON SOIL FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FIELD CROPS IN CONDITION PAVLODAR REGION(KAZAKHSTAN)
Mustafayev Bolatzhan Abdykanovich
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agrotechnology, Pavlodar State University. S.Toraigyrov, Kazakhstan, Pavlodar
Kakezhanova Zibagul Ermuratovna
Junior Researcher, Pavlodar State University. S.Toraigyrov, Kazakhstan, Pavlodar
Kenjetayev Asel Bekezhanovna
Magister of Biology, Researcher, Pavlodar State University. S.Toraigyrov, Kazakhstan, Pavlodar,
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Modern problems of deterioration soil that are used at cultivation crops, are characterized. The main problem is the reduction of soil fertility due to the alienation of nutrients and humus with the harvest and untimely their return. New way to restore soil fertility - the application biohumus is offered. Vermicompost - is microbiological fertilizer, which at application into the soil normalizes the development exchange processes which peculiar to healthy soil. Method application of sufficient amount of organic humus fertilizer is a means of microbiological protection of soil, and means of its melioration, and means of sharp increasing productivity of fields. Test of method was conducted on the experimental field of LLP "Pavlodar Research Institute for Agriculture." Biohumus is crumbly mass, contains a large number (up to 32% dry weight) of humic acids, fulvic acids and humin. All the nutrients are in a balanced combination and as bioavailable compounds for plants. The chemical analysis data this fertilizer and results of its influence on the content of humus in the soil and on crop yields are given. Wheat has provided yield increase of 2.3-2.4 kg / ha, peas - by 2.6-2.9 and buckwheat - by 1.8-2.3 t / ha.
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