THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
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Scientific and Theoretical Journal
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2023, Vol. 19, № 4
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Founded in 2005
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Published quarterly
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C O N T E N T S
In memory of I. S. Belyuchenko
MEMORABLE MEETINGS (MEMORIES OF PROFESSOR I. S. BELYUCHENKO)
Smagin A. V.
doctor of biological science, professor, Lonomosov Moscow State University (Russia), Moscow, Leninskye gory; Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Moscow region, p/o Uspenskoe; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Russia), Moscow,
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MEETING WITH AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST IN KUBAN
Partoev Kurbonali
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences., Professor, Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Tajikistan, Dushanbe,
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IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR IVAN STEPANOVYCH BELYUCHENKO
Mindubaev A. Z.
PhD (Chemical Sciences), Master's student, Kazan National Research Technological University, Rus-sia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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;
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Minzanova S. T.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A. E. Arbuzov of Kazakh Scientific Center RAS, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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MEETINGS WITH A COLLEAGUE
Torosyan G. O.
Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General Chemistry and Chemical Tech-nologies, National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan
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PROFESSOR IVAN STEPANOVICH BELYUCHENKO – SCIENTIST AND TEACHER
Gorchakova A. Yu.
PhD (Biological Sciences), Associate Professor, State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Re-public of Mordovia "Saransk Electromechanical College", Russia, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk,
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Gorchakova L. V.
Master's student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Peters-burg State University", Russia, St. Petersburg,
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LIFE GIVEN TO SCIENCE
Chukuridi S. S.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Botany and General Ecology, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar
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IN MEMORY OF IVAN STEPANOVYCH BELYUCHENKO
Mamas N. N.
PhD (Biological Sciences), Associate Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar
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General ecology
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR FORECASTING HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIVER BELAYA
Tarakanov D. A.
Postgraduate student, Department of Production Safety and Industrial Ecology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa,
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Elizariev A. N.
PhD (Geographical Sciences), Associate Professor, Head, Department of Production Safety and Industrial Ecology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan,
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; Researcher, Institute of Water Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Moscow
Khasanov I. A.
Postgraduate student, Department of Production Safety and Industrial Ecology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa,
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The increase in the number of emergency situations associated with critically low and critically high values of river water regime parameters dictates the need to choose a scientifically based approach to reduce the risk of such emergency situations and potential damage. This paper presents the results of using stochastic models to predict the hydrological characteristics of the river Belaya, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. The material for the study was observation data on the hydrological regime (water level and flow) in the territory of the river Belaya drainage basin in the period from 1936 to 2020. The following stochastic forecasting models were used as research methods: autoregressive integrated moving average model with a seasonal component, Holt–Winters exponential smoothing model, PROPHET model. A qualitative assessment of the forecasting results of the selected models was carried out on the basis of a comparative analysis of the average absolute error, average absolute percentage error and mean root square error. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the most optimal forecasting model for the river Belaya is the Holt–Winters exponential smoothing model at high values of water regime parameters, and at low values – the PROPHET model.
Keywords: seasonal autoregressive moving average model, Holt–Winters exponential smoothing model, PROPHET model, forecasting, water flow, water level, emergency situation.
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APPROXIMATE DIGITAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING SOIL NEEDS FOR FERTILIZER AND NUTRIENT RESERVE IN SOIL
Griguletsky V. G.
Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor, Head, Department of Higher Mathematics, Kuban State Agrar-ian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar
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The article proposes a new approximate digital model for estimating the amount of nutrients in the soil, taking into ac-count the physiological properties of plants and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, i.e. internal and exter-nal growth factors affecting the yield of agricultural plants. The amount of nutrients in the soil is determined by the response of a particular plant (through the values of yield, or height, or plant weight). The new digital model is based on the following statement: yield (y) and its increment increase with augmentation of the amount of growth factor (x) - nutrient and are proportional to the amount of harvest (A - y) that does not reach the maximum limit value (A), and possible value of the yield (B + y), above a certain minimum value (B) of the yield, which is a generalization of the well-known “law of action of growth factors” by Mitcherlich (E. A. Mitcherlich, 1874–1956).
Key words: soil needs, law of action of growth factors, field trials, maximum yield, nutrient reserves, differential equation, particular solution.
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Applied ecology
INFLUENCE OF LIQUID COMPLEX FERTILIZER TOP DRESSING ON BARLEY YIELD
Ivanov S. A.
PhosAgro-North-West LLC, Russia, Cherepovets, SAIvanov@phosagro
Lopukhov P. M.
PhD (Agricultural Sciences), Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia, Chelyabinsk,
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Zakharova I. A.
PhD (Biological Sciences), Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia, Chelyabinsk,
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Glaz N. V.
PhD (Agricultural Sciences), Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia, Chelyabinsk,
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Agrochemicals are the material basis for soil fertility and high yields in an intensive farming system, so the issues of their rational and effective use are relevant. In Russia and abroad, much attention is paid to liquid complex mineral fertilizers, which make it possible to reduce fertilizer rates while simultaneously increasing their agro-nomic and economic efficiency. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of liquid complex ferti-lizer APALIQUA NP 11:37 on the yield and quality of barley grain. This fertilizer has not been studied under the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region. The field experiment was carried out in 3 variants and three repeti-tions. Treatments were carried out during the tillering and heading phases. In the variant with a single treatment, the yield is higher than in the control by 10.8%; in the variant with double treatment – by 13.6%. Double foliar application led to an increase in the protein content in grain by 2.3–2.6% in absolute terms, which is very signifi-cant for this trait. The identified effects allow us to count on additional profits due to the sale of higher quality grain and the establishment of a higher price category.
Key words: top dressing, fertilizer, grain quality, yield, barley.
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INFLUENCE OF BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS ON THE AVAILABILITY OF MOBILE PHOSPHORUS TO SPRING BARLEY
Cheverdin A. Y.
PhD (Agricultural Sciences), Voronezh Federal Agrarian Research Center, Russia, Kamennaya Steppe,
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Cheverdin Y. I.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Department Head, Voronezh Federal Agrarian Research Center, Russia, Kamennaya Steppe,
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Sautkina M. Y.
PhD (Agricultural Sciences), All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Selection and Biotechnology, Russia, Voronezh,
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In the conditions of the Voronezh region, the effect of bacterial fertilizers on the provision of spring barley plants with nutrients was studied. An assessment of the vegetation variability in the amount of available phosphorus in the arable soil layer is given. Patterns of changes in the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil under the influence of pre-sowing inoculation of barley seeds with biological products were established. In the first half of the growing season, there is a decrease in the P2O5 content in the soil, associated with an increase in consumption and the formation of a larger vegetative mass by spring barley plants. By the time of harvesting, the supply of phosphorus stabilizes with slight variations among the options.
Key words: barley, black soil, phosphorus, biological products, fertility.
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CULTIVATION OF BIENNIAL CROPS FOR WINTER SIDERATION
Batirov Kh. F.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Department of Ecology and Life Safety of Samarkand State University named after. Sh. Rashidov, Uzbekistan, Samarkand
Mamazhanov R. I.
PhD (Biological Sciences), Associate Professor, Head. Department of Geography and Natural Resources SamSU named after. Sh. Rashidov, Uzbekistan, Samarkand,
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Pardaev B. A.
Doctoral student, Department of Ecology and Life Safety of Samarkand State University named after. Sh. Rashidov, Uzbekistan, Samarkand
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Our research was aimed at solving the problem of determining the most optimal sowing dates, the sowing rate of seeds of biennial crops of winter vegetation, such as sugar beet, fodder beet, chard, carrots, rutabaga, turnips, typhon, oilseed radish and others. These crops, being a powerful tool in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, improve soil properties, replenish the arable layer with organic matter (humus), and are also a reliable means of fighting weeds, which include many annual and perennial plants . Root crops and other biennials can successfully fill this gap, provided that the biological and technological features of these crops are taken into account when grown for various purposes, and primarily for green manure purposes. Before going into winter, crops form a root mass of 50–100 g and leaves of 60–120 g; at optimal (300–350 thousand/ha) standing density, they overwinter well (within 92–97%) and grow together in early spring (early March), and in June they form full-fledged seeds with high sowing properties. Root crops are used not only to obtain seeds, but also for feed purposes, which is very important nowadays. For example, in early April, oilseed radish forms a yield of green mass in the range of 350–375 hwt/ha, typhon 380–410 hwt/ha with the collection of feed units of 63–65 hwt/ha, and when they are grown together, it can be even higher – within 485–500.5 hwt/ha with the yield of the corresponding amount of feed units and protein. Obtaining seeds during their winter cultivation without sowing gives an additional juicy harvest of root crops and leaves of sugar beet, fodder beet, chard and other crops, provided they are grown until December, which provides 350–375 hwt/ha of root and leaf yield. In addition, biennial crops, when grown in the winter without additional space and resources, as well as fertilizers and with the least expenditure of money and labor in early spring, can be used as green fertilizer, which our farmers urgently need.
Key words: Zeravshan valley, cotton-grain crop rotation, root crops, soil fertility, erosion, food security, siderates.
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SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THE ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS OF DAIRY PRODUCTION BY PROCESSING AMMONIA INTO AMMONIUM SALTS
Dovlatov I. M.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Researcher, Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Russia, Moscow,
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; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-2446
Komkov I. V.
MSc, Specialist, Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Russia, Moscow,
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; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2407-4584
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Sources in which environmental problems of agriculture are outlined in detail are analyzed. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, 22.3 million tons of pollutants were released into the atmosphere in 2020 and 2021. In this regard, the most expedient and promising direction for improving production is the modernization and use of innovative technologies and means to ensure environmental safety and safe working conditions. The relationship between environmentally friendly conditions and cattle productivity has been established. It has been determined that farms are one of the largest sources of ammonia emissions – 6.8–81.8 tons/year - the volume varies depending on the number of livestock on the farm. As a result of the study, diagrams of systems for increasing the environmental friendliness of production with the processing of ammonia into ammonium salt and a diagram of a device for nitrogen collection and ammonia conversion are described. Two options for completing the proposed system are given, their constituent parts are described and structural and functional diagrams are presented. The method of operation of the ammonia capture and processing device is reflected. A table is presented with the expected indicators of a system for increasing the environmental friendliness of dairy production with the processing of ammonia into ammonium salt.
Key words: environmentally friendly production, environment, greenhouse gases, microclimate, air purity, dairy farming, fertilizers, ammonium salts, ammonia.
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS FOR MICROPLASTIC REMOVAL
Lukin A. A.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Associate Professor, South Ural State University (NRU), Russia, Chelyabinsk Region, Chelyabinsk; Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M. M. Dzhambulatov, Russia, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala,
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Xenobiotic pollution is one of the most serious threats to global ecosystems. Excessive use of plastic without proper disposal in recent years has led to pollution of our entire planet. When polymer materials are destroyed, small fragments of microplastics are formed, which are difficult to remove, which leads to their accumulation in all components of ecosystems. The low rate of decay of microplastics makes it necessary to develop methods for their artificial removal, in particular using biological methods. The article provides an overview of various biotechnological methods for removing microplastics from the environment. These methods include the biodegradation of microplastics by algae, fungi, bacteria, and enzymes. For this purpose, both pure cultures and bacterial consortia, as well as genetically modified microorganisms, can be used. To accelerate the microbiological degradation of microplastics, one can use various flocculants and biopolymers such as cellulose, lignin, starch after introducing charged groups into them. The use of marine organisms, such as mollusks, is also promising. Biological methods are safe for the environment, unlike chemical ones, which have significant potential and are therefore widely used in wastewater treatment plants along with biological methods.
Key words: microplastics, cleaning methods, algae, bacteria, fungi, enzymes, biodegradation.
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ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF FOOD ENTERPRISES
Stepanova E. G.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Technological Equipment and Life Support Systems, Kuban State Technological University (KubSTU), Russia, Krasnodar,
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Shamarov M. V.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Technological Equipment and Life Support Systems, Kuban State Technological University (KubSTU), Russia, Krasnodar,
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Zhlobo R. A.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Technological Equipment and Life Support Systems, Kuban State Technological University (KubSTU), Russia, Krasnodar,
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Belina N. N.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Technical Mechanics and Special Machines named after Professor A. A. Petrik, Kuban State Technological University (KubSTU), Russia, Krasnodar,
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Orlov B. Y.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Technological Equipment and Life Support Systems, Kuban State Technological University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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The article analyzes traditional (chlorination, ozonation, treatment with ultraviolet rays and ultrasound), as well as innovative environmentally friendly methods for recycling wastewater from food enterprises - micro-electric arc treatment, electrophysical ionization, cavitation and electrochemical treatment in a constant or alternating electric field. The results of experimental studies on the electrochemical treatment of conveyor-washing waters of a sugar factory are presented. The dependence of the volume of sediment formed after electrical treatment on the current strength, the time of electrical treatment and the flow of wastewater passing through the apparatus has been established. An orthogonal central compositional plan of the second order was used in the calculations. A complete three-factor experiment was carried out according to plan 23 and response surfaces were obtained. To find the minimum value of the energy consumption function, the simplex method was used and the linear programming problem was optimized. The resulting 3D surfaces revealed the optimal parameters for changing input factors that affect specific energy costs. A version of the mechanism of the effect of electrical treatment of sugar factory wastewater on impurities has been put forward. A numerical two-factor experiment was carried out and generalized, and a criterion dependence of the Euler number on the Newton and Reynolds numbers was established. A graphical dependence has been obtained that allows electrical treatment of wastewater to be carried out at the lowest energy consumption.
Key words: food enterprises, wastewater, treatment, electrical technology, energy efficiency.
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ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF A WOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISE
Balkovskaya A. O.
Master's Degree student, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa,
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Kusova I. V.
PhD (Technical Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Production Safety and Industrial Ecology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa,
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The need for recycling low-value and low-quality wood, as well as wood waste, led to the development of technologies for the production of fiberboards. During their production, air pollution occurs, which requires additional solutions to reduce negative impacts and improve the state of the environment. Based on the known most rational and accessible resource- and nature-saving technologies, the most effective methods for purifying emissions and discharges from wood processing industries from priority pollutants – wood dust, formaldehyde, phenol – were selected. A resource-saving technology for purifying emissions and discharges from a wood processing enterprise has been developed in order to minimize the impact of the facility on the environment in the form of a technological system with simultaneous wastewater treatment. The application of the proposed technology provides for a recycling water supply system and will allow the enterprise to use wood raw materials in full.
Key words: wood processing industry, emissions, discharges, wood dust, phenol, formaldehyde, purification technology, foam mass transfer apparatus, biofilter with wood loading.
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING PIG MANURE
Nikiforenko Y. Y.
PhD (Biological Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Botany and General Ecology, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Over the past five years, pork production in Russia has increased by 39%, or 1.5 million tons. In connection with this, the volume of industry waste has also increased, which has made the task of their disposal and processing more urgent than ever. In the training and production complex "Pyatachok" (Krasnodar), hydraulic flushing is used to remove manure. The mixture of water and excrement is removed outside the complex, and this water is no longer used for re-flushing. This method consumes a significant amount of water, as a result of which a large amount of manure waste with a humidity of about 97% is formed at the complex. The resulting manure waste is stored in settling tanks. The chemical composition of liquid pig manure generated by hydroflushing technology was studied for the content of heavy metals, and a parasitological analysis was carried out for the presence of helminths. Animal excrement contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrients (potassium, phosphorus, microelements), which makes it possible to utilize pig manure as a valuable raw material for the formation of compost.
Key words: liquid pig manure, organic fertilizers, agrochemical indicators, hydro-flushing, agricultural landscape, heavy metals, helminths
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Biodiversity and Bioresources
APPROACHES TO RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF BIRDS USE IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Ignashev N. E.
Postgraduate Student, Department of Bioecology, Hygiene and Public Health, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Rakhimov I. I.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Bioecology, Hygiene and Public Health, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Assessing the resource potential of birds is becoming a hot topic in modern environmental legislation. In this regard, the study examines approaches to the valuation of avifauna of the Republic of Tatarstan. Currently, existing forms of penalties (fees/fines) are not able to reflect the real value of the species, therefore it is necessary to consider representatives of the animal world using criteria that include not only an assessment of damage, but also an environmental component. The article provides an experimental rating scale that affects the main limiting factors and characteristics of birds. Each species is of particular importance to ecosystems and humans. The Republic of Tatarstan has a rich natural complex located at the junction of two natural zones (deciduous forest and forest-steppe), thanks to which the diversity of birds is 305 species.
Key words: biodiversity, avifauna, resource assessment, environmental legislation.
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FAR EASTERN HERBIVOROUS FISH SPECIES IN THE STRUCTURE OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF RESERVOIRS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS AND THEIR BIOMELIORATIVE IMPORTANCE
Moskul G. A.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Abramchuk A. V.
PhD (Agricultural Sciences), Associate Professor, Head, Department of Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Pashinova N. G.
PhD (Biological Sciences), Associate Professo, Department of Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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The biological resources of water bodies of the North-Western Caucasus within the Krasnodar Territory are characterized by significant diversity and high levels of abundance and biomass, which is due to the action of a complex of environmental factors. Herbivorous fish, introduced into culture, play a leading role in the formation of aquatic biological resources in the Krasnodar region and are the main objects of aquaculture in this region. The intensive development of phytoplankton and higher aquatic vegetation in the summer is often the cause of death phenomena in the inland water bodies of the region. Herbivorous fish - silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844)) - are able to act as biological ameliorators in the fight against aquatic vegetation, actively consuming objects of aquatic and near-water flora. These species do not compete with the local ichthyofauna, are distinguished by early maturation and rapid growth, and are capable of forming valuable products. To stock reservoirs with fish in fish farms in the Krasnodar region, broodstocks are used to obtain larvae, since spawning in the Kuban River is impossible after the construction of the Krasnodar dam. To achieve maximum indicators of marketable fish products, the reservoirs of the region require annual stocking with 2-3-year-old juveniles.
Key words: biological resources, herbivorous fish, phytoplankton, aquatic plants, nutrition.
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STUDY OF PHAGE SENSITIVITY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA, KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE, ESCHERICHIA COLI AND PROTEUS SPP. WITH DIFFERENT ABILITY TO FORM BIOFILM
Volshtein Y. V.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel,
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Degtyareva E. I.
PhD (Biological Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel,
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Kozlova A. I.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel,
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Anichkina V. A.
Obstetrician-gynecologist, Central District Clinic No. 21, Republic of Belarus, Minsk,
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The sensitivity of clinical isolates of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus spp.) to complex pyobacteriophage, Klebsiella polyvalent purified bacteriophage and Pseudomonas bacteriophage, antibiotics and biofilm formation was studied. Sensitivity to tobramycin was established in most of the studied cultures, but they were resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime and ciprofloxacin. All clinical isolates had biofilm-forming ability, the highest being the E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains. The vast majority of phage-sensitive strains belonged to the species E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The pronounced lytic activity of the polyvalent pyobacteriophage against E. coli strains makes it possible for its promising use for the prevention and treatment of infections caused by these microorganisms, as well as their identification without isolating a pure culture. The reaction of increasing phage titer indicates the infection of E. coli in the studied materials (external objects, water, food products), which indicates their recent fecal contamination.
Key words: bacteriophage, phage sensitivity, biofilm formation, uropathogens, antibiotic sensitivity, antibiotic resistance.
Received 10.05.2023
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Ecological Situation in Rural Areas
EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING A SOIL PROTECTION SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE BASED ON CONTOUR-RECLAMATION ORGANIZATION OF THE FIELD TERRITORY
Kirillov N. A.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Chuvash State University named after. I. N. Ulyanov, Russia, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary,
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Grigoriev S. N.
Student, Faculty of Medicine, Chuvash State University named after. I. N. Ulyanov, Russia, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary,
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Agricultural activities are not limited to the cultivation of crops and obtaining livestock products. Agricultural organizations have to devote a considerable share of their efforts and resources to maintaining soil fertility and controlling wind and water erosion. Large agricultural holdings are able to cope with this task independently on the basis of hydraulic engineering solutions with the involvement of construction organizations, modern equipment and technologies, while small agricultural cooperatives, farms and personal subsidiary plots, unfortunately, do not have this opportunity, and therefore the task of stopping water erosion processes is especially relevant for them. As part of solving this problem, the article provides data from an analysis of experience in controlling water erosion based on the contour-reclamation organization of the field territory. Thanks to a set of measures developed, the permanent chairman of the Experimental and Demonstration Farm “Leninskaya Iskra” of the Yadrinsky district of the Chuvash Republic, A. P. Aidak, managed to completely stop the process of ravine formation, improve soil fertility, increase the yield of all cultivated types of agricultural crops, and organize protected natural areas. The methods of erosion control presented in the article can become not only a positive example, but also a guide for carrying out anti-erosion measures and preserving soil fertility for owners of small plots of land.
Key words: erosion, soil-protective crop rotation, ravines, reserves, water-absorbing ditches, forest belts.
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