THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
| 2022, Vol. 18, № 2 |
Scientific and Theoretical Journal
|
| Published quarterly |
Founded in 2005
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C O N T E N T S
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
UDC579.695; 546.85; 502.55; 661.63
SOLUBILISATION OF PHOSPHATE BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AM1. TOXICITY OF DITHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID AND BORIC ACID DERIVATIVES FOR THIS STRAIN
Mindubaev A. Z.
Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Energy and Advanced Technologies, Federal Research Center of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Babynin E. V.
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Tatar RIAHP FRC KazSC RAS, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Akhmedova G. R.
postgraduate student of the Chemical Institute. A. E. Butlerova at KFU, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Our studies began with the biodegradation of white phosphorus, a largely unexplored area of science at the time. However, in recent years there has been a tendency to broaden the range of compounds studied - first the biodegradation of red phosphorus and a variety of compounds of this element were investigated. Later, compounds not containing phosphorus began to be studied. The study resulted in an understanding of the origin and evolutionary path of the studied black aspergillus strains. In order to confirm the kinship with known phosphate solubilizers, we investigated the ability of
Aspergillus niger AM1 to metabolize calcium orthophosphate - the most abundant form of phosphorus in nature, yet little accessible to living organisms. It turned out that the strain consumes insoluble phosphate as readily as soluble phosphates in culture media. That is, it is indeed a phosphate solubilizer, as the theoretical results of the NCBI database analysis suggest. Perhaps it was an evolutionary adaptation to the shortage of available phosphorus, which caused the ability of the microorganism to consume a number of biologically inaccessible forms of this element. The fungus grows on alkylborates only in the presence of glucose, and polyaspartic acid has no toxic effect on it. Also,
A. niger AM1 produces ethanol when growing on glucose.
Key words: phosphate solubilisation, toxic compounds, calcium orthophosphate, alcoholic fermentation, Aspergillus niger.
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UDC 550.7
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AS INDICATORS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE
Ivashov P. V.
doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation, Senior Researcher, Institute of Water and Ecological Problems FEB RAS, Russia, Khabarovsk,
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Biogeochemical features of biological objects of cultivated plants – onions, dried apricots, nuts, pineapples, pomegranates, tea – have been established. The levels of 23 heavy metals in these biological objects and their parts were revealed. The gross content of heavy metals was determined by the emission method using the DFS-13M spectrograph and the atomic absorption method on the Hitachi AAS-3 spectrophotometer. No abnormal concentrations of heavy metals were found in the studied biological objects in comparison with clarks. Bioobjects have been identified - possible concentrates of heavy metals For biogeochemical monitoring of agroecosystems, tea, nuts, pomegranates, pineapples are the most informative. The possibility of using bioobjects as bioindicators in biogeochemical monitoring of the state of the environment is substantiated.
Key words: bioobjects, cultural indicator plants, heavy metals, biogeochemistry, environment.
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UDC 504.3.054
ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION IN THE «EYE MICROSURGERY» DISTRICT OF KRASNODAR BY THE METHOD OF LICHENOINDICATION
Radyshevskaya D. V.
Department of Botany and General Ecology, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Melnik O. A
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of higher attestation commission, Department of Botany and General Ecology, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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The article discusses the results of the assessment of atmospheric air pollution in the territory of the Krasnodar microdistrict Eye Microsurgery by the method of lichenoindication. The main representatives of lichens in the areas of the studied ecosystem, conditionally different in terms of pollution by motor transport, are noted. Thus, along Akademika Lukyanenko Street and on the territory of the garden residential complex on Tsentralnaya Street, two types of lichens were identified on the holly maple: ascending Fissia (Physcia adscendens) and Xanthoria wall (Xanthoria parietina), characteristic of moderately and strongly anthropogenically altered habitats. The calculated field tolerance index (IP), respectively, was 8.9 and 8.5 in the studied areas, which makes it possible to attribute them to the critical zone according to the degree of air pollution. The data obtained were compared with the results of studies on the territory of the Botanical Garden, where the IP for the years of research was 6.7 (2020) and 6.8 (2021), which is characteristic of a relatively safe zone in terms of air pollution, with a predominance of ascending Fissia and Aipolia Fissia on the trees of the holly maple) – lichens that grow in moderately anthropogenically altered habitats.
Key words: microdistrict Eye microsurgery, Botanical garden, pollution, atmospheric air, lichenoindication, field tolerance index.
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UDC 6.63.635.632.03.038
TO THE STUDY OF ADAPTATION CHARACTERISTICS AND LIFE STATE OF WOODEN PLANTS OF HORSE CHESTNUT IN THE URBOECOSYSTEMS OF THE CITIES OF ABINSK AND KRASNODAR
Krivorotov S. B.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Potapova E. M.
Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Valueva A. K.
Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar
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The article is devoted to the consideration of an urgent environmental problem associated with the study of the vital state of woody plants of the common horse chestnut in the urban ecosystems of the cities of Krasnodar and Abinsk. To study the damage caused by red rust to horse chestnut trees, a method was used to determine the index of damage to the leaf blade of a plant leaf.
Key words: horse chestnut, red rust, urban ecosystem, leaf blade, leaf damage index.
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UDC 581.5
OVERWINTERING AND DEATH OF LEAVES OF ALPINE CARPET PLANTS NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS
Erkenova M. A.
Ph. D. (Biology), Karachai-Cherkessian State University by U.D. Aliev, Russia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Karachaevsk,
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Aibazova F. U.
Ph. D. (Biology), Associate Professor of the Department of Biology, North Caucasus State Academy, Medical Institute, Russia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Karachaevsk,
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To study the features of the rhythmics of the death of both individual leaves of plants and the total duration of these processes on the example of plants of alpine carpets of the north-western Caucasus. The reliability and validity of scientific provisions is based on a large amount of factual material obtained using modern methods and analyzed at the modern level using statistical methods. Outcomes. A significant part of the plant species of alpine carpets (7 out of 13 studied) can be attributed to summer green (in autumn all leaves die off and do not overwinter under the snow) and 6 species – to summer – wintergreen. The duration of death of individual leaves of summergreen plants is on average from 8,6 to 11,9 days, the leaves of summer generation in summer-wintergreen plants die off in 12,6–18,3 days, while leaves that go green in winter die off within a few months.
Key words: alpine carpets, leaf death, leaves of winter and summer generation, high-altitude plants.
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UDC 582.381:615(476)
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GEOCLIMATIC, ECOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF HUPERZIA SELAGO (L.) BERNH., SCHRANK & MART. AND HUPERZIA SERRATA (THUNB.) ROTHM
Buśko E. G.
doctor of Habilitation, professor, Belarusian State University, Sakharov International State Ecological Institute, Belarus, Minsk,
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Romanchuk E. S.
student, Belarusian State University, Sakharov International State Ecological Institute, Belarus, Minsk,
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Akshevskaya E. V.
student, Belarusian State University, Sakharov International State Ecological Institute, Belarus, Minsk,
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The ecological, pharmacological and geoclimatic features of
Huperzia selago and
Huperzia serrata species were assessed. These species belong to a small and endangered family of Lycianidae and need protection, since they are actively collected to obtain valuable medicinal raw materials. Comparative characteristics of the species on the basis of geoclimatic features are given, as well as the habitats of club mosses. An assessment of the biodiversity of the family on the territory of Belarus is given. The pharmacological significance of the studied species was determined on the basis of the biochemical composition.
Key words: Huperzia selago, Huperzia serrata, climatic peculiarities, pharmacological properties, comparative characteristics.
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UDC 595.43 (476.2)
PRELIMINARY DATA ON THE HARVESTMAN FAUNA (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES) OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN BELARUS
Ostrovsky A. M.
MSc (Med), Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Health and Health with the course of the Faculty of Professional Development and Retraining, Gomel State Medical University, Belarus, Gomel, Arti301989@mail.r
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An annotated list of six harvestman species from the south-eastern Belarus is presented. Leiobunum gracile Thorell, 1876 is recorded for Belarus for the first time. Morphological descriptions of the species found, as well as data on their ecology and distribution are given.
Key words: harvestmen, Opiliones, species diversity, biotope allocation, distribution.
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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
UDC 631.18:532.507
NEW APPROXIMATE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE KINETICS OF SORPTION AND DISSOLUTION OF FERTILIZERS IN SOIL
Griguletskiy V. G.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Kazakevich A.V.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Higher Mathematics, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar
Shalyapin V. V.
Postgraduate Student, Department of Agrochemistry, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar
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Based on the results of experimental studies prof. N. А. Menshutkin (1880–1884) on changes in the aggregate composition of some organic compounds in exchange reactions, as well as studies by Konrad Kroeker (1892) on the adsorption of various chemical compounds through coal, taking into account data from field and laboratory experiments by prof. E.A. Mitcherlich (1913) on the absorption and solubility of fertilizers in the soil, a new mathematical model of the kinetics of sorption and dissolution of fertilizers in the soil is proposed in the work: the amount of fertilizer salts and their increase during dissolution and sorption in the soil are proportional to the volume of soil per unit volume of the solution and increases in proportion to the difference equal to the mass of salts at full (maximum) saturation of the soil without the amount of salts at the current saturation, and also in proportion to the amount equal to the current amount of salts during the dissolution and sorption of fertilizers is higher than a certain initial (minimum) amount of salts in the soil. For the practical application of a new method for assessing the kinetics of sorption and dissolution of fertilizers, the dependences for the current change in the total mass of salts during exchange reactions were determined; the same formulas can be used in determining the rate of adsorption and the amount of mass during adsorption, absorption and solubility of various salts and fertilizers; simple calculation formulas were obtained for finding the “dissolution constant” and the rate of salt reactions in the soil. The resulting new mathematical model is more general than the known models of K. Kroeker, E. A. Mitcherlich. The paper gives examples of calculations illustrating the effectiveness of the new mathematical model and calculation ratios; the results of the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data of prof. ON THE. Menshutkin, Konrada Kroekera and prof. E.A. Mitcherlich.
Key words: sorption, adsorption, absorption, solubility, diffusion, mass of salts, reaction rate, change in aggregate state, experiments, calculated (forecast) values, examples of calculations.
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UDC 631.67
USING THE RESULTS OF THE STATE MONITORING TO ASSESS THE CONDITION RECLAMATION FACILITIES
Osipenko D. A.
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Research Fellow of the GMVO and GWR Sector (State Monitoring of Water Bodies and the State Water Registry), RosNI-IPM (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute for Land Reclamation Problems"), Russia, Novocherkassk
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The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of using elements of the state monitoring of water bodies and the state water registry to assess the technical condition of meliorative systems and hydraulic structures in order to further take measures to improve their technical safety and performance. Collection of data within the framework of ongoing monitoring from regional organizations of the Depzemelioration of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is carried out annually. Information and analytical research methods, generalization and complex analysis are used to evaluate the data. The main data on the state of reclaimed lands and water bodies of the state water registry, subordinated to the FGBU "Novosibirskmeliovodkhoz" are given. A number of basic provisions of monitoring are considered on the example of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Management" Novosibirskmeliovodkhoz".
Key words: monitoring, reclamation systems, hydraulic structures, physical wear, assessment of the technical condition of the GTS.
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UDC 630*28:635.86
INTRODUCTION OF EDIBLE AURICULARIA SPP. MUSHROOMS IN CULTURE
Kovalenko S. A.
Candidate of agricultural sciences, State Scientific Institution «Forest Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus», Belarus, Gomel,
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The paper covers the research of the morphological and cultural features of growth of
Auricularia nigricans (Sw.) Birkebak [=
A. polytricha (Mont.) Sacc.] and
A. auricula judae (Bull.) Quél. strains in a pure culture and on organic substrates in vitro. Strains distinctions of vegetative growth and fructification of Auricularia spp. cultures from the mushrooms strains collection of SSI “Forest Institute of NAS of Belarus” (FIB) on the studied substrates have been identified. The productivity of
A. nigricans (A. polytricha) on aspen chips substrates (degree of grinding is 5–10 mm) and alder sawdust substrates (degree of grinding is 1–3 mm) has been studied. The yield of FIB-175 A. nigricans strain on the substrate, the main component of which is alder sawdust, in the first wave of fruiting has made up 35 %.
Key words: Auricularia, intensive cultivation, vegetative growth, substrate, growth coefficient, fructification, productivity.
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UDC 631.46
INFLUENCE OF BIOGUMUS AND ZEOLITE ON THE CONTENT OF MOBILE PHOSPHORUS IN IRRIGATED GRAY SOILS
Isaqova V. G.
dissertation candidate, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan, Baku,
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The effect of different doses of biohumus and zeolite on the amount of mobil phosphorus under the bean plant in irrigated meadow-grey soils was studied in dynamics. Under the bean plant, the nutrients in all variants changed in a downward direction from the beginning to the end of the growing season. The results of the study show that the degree of mobil phosphorus supply of irrigated meadow-grey soils varies depending on the development phase of the bean plant and the doses of biohumus and zeolite applied. This dependence was confirmed on the basis of statistical calculations.
Key words: meadow-grey soils, vegetable beans, biohumus, zeolite, mobil phosphorus.
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UDC 636.32.088.4
ECOLOGICAL BASIS OF BREEDING KARAKUL SHEEP IN THE CONDITIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Urimbetov A. A.
PhD in Agricultural Sciences, NIIKEP, Research Institute of Astrakhan Breeding and Desert Ecology, Republic of Uzbekistan, Samarkand,
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The article presents ways to increase the productivity of reproduction of Karakul sura sheep of the Karakalpak breed type, depending on the diet and seasonality of sheep feeding for the mating period in Karakalpakstan. Karakul breeding is the most important branch of agriculture in Karakalpakstan, therefore it is very important to increase the number of livestock, and the mating of Karakul sheep is a very important moment in animal breeding. The object of research was herds of sura sheep of the Karakalpak breed type in a farm breeding farm in the conditions of Karakalpakstan. The results of the study of the reproductive potential of sheep showed that in order to increase the number of pregnant queens one and a half months before the planned insemination or mating events, enhanced feeding of sheep and a sufficient amount of balanced and juicy green fodder are necessary. Sheep also need concentrated feed at least 1 kg per head per day. The individual characteristics of the animals were also taken into account to determine the best insemination period. For this, a constant supervision of the behavior of the breeding individuals of the herd was organized. Observations also showed that the hunting period in sheep lasts for 1–2 days and repeats after 3 weeks. The seasonality of sexual hunting is most associated with autumn and the beginning of winter. In extreme heat and extreme cold, hunting proceeds poorly.
Key words: Karakul sheep sur, mating, diet, seasonality, desert, Karakalpakstan.
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UDC 631.6
SOME DIAGNOSTIC INDICATORS OF THE SOILS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL AREA OF THE SALYAN PLAIN
Jalilova Leyla Ziyafaddin
doctor of Philosophy in Agrarian Sciences, Associate Professor, Institute of Soil Science Agrochemistry of ANAS, Azerbaijan, Baku,
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Suleymanova Xeyransa Husen
Researcher, Institute of Soil Science Agrochemistry of ANAS, Azerbaijan, Baku
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The article deals with the modern state of the soils in the Salyan plain of the Kur-Araz valley. As a result of the researches it was determined that the irrigated soils of the experimental area had light granulometric structure and they exposed to salinization to different degree. It was defined that defects in irrigated soils used under agricultural plants, incorrect observance irrigation norms caused resalting of the of the same soils and productivity was low. For this purpose some diagnostic indices in the soils of the experimental area were defined and a quantity of the absorbed bases was 24,17–33,87 mg. eq., physical clay – 41,64–56,16 %, hygro scopic humidity – 3,9–5,3 %. An amount of salts in the same soils was 0,11–0,20 %.
Key words: fertility, salinization, productivity, diagnostic indicators, irrigation norm.
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MISCELLANEOUS
UDC 504(06)
BRIEF REVIEW ON THE MATERIALS OF THE CONFERENCE-2022
Belyuchenko I. S.
Dr. biol. sciences, professor, member of the editorial board of the journal "Ecological Bulletin of the North Caucasus"
Korunchikova V. V.
cand. biol. Sciences, Associate Professor of the Higher Attestation Commission, member of the editorial board of the journal "Ecological Bulletin of the North Caucasus"
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The article provides a brief overview of the main areas of scientific research, the results of which are presented at the international scientific environmental conference "Environmental Protection – the basis of the country's security", held in March 2022 at the Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar) and dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the university. Data on the number of messages by sections, regions and countries-participants are given. The urgency of the ecological problems touched upon and their significance for the economy and the preservation of public health are noted. Among the main traditional areas, innovative solutions are highlighted. Thanks are expressed to the regular participants of the conferences and the authors of publications in the journal Ecological Bulletin of the North Caucasus.
Key words: review, conference, environmental problems, topicality, participants.
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