THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
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Scientific and Theoretical Journal
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2024, Vol. 20, № 2
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Founded in 2005
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Published quarterly
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C O N T E N T S
General ecology
PROMISING CROPS FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE CARBON FARM
Ismagilov R. R.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Monitoring of Climate Change and Carbon Balance of Ecosystems, Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa,
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In order to assess the feasibility of cultivating alfalfa and hemp for carbon sequestration in carbon farms, field and laboratory studies were carried out. The objects of the study were the double-use hemp variety Rodnik (Cannabis sativa L. ssp. sativa) and the variable alfalfa Sarga (Medicago varia Mart.). Field research was carried out at Valieva LLC and Khabibrakhmanov Peasant Farm (Republic of Bashkortostan). The article presents the results of determining biomass, carbon content in different parts of plants, the amount of deposited and conserved carbon by alfalfa and hemp crops. It has been established that one hectare of alfalfa seeding deposits 6.39 tons of carbon over three years of use, of which 0.97 tons is conserved in the soil. In the first year of use, alfalfa absorbed 8.29 tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, in the second year – 7.48 tons and in the third – 7.66 tons. Sowing hemp deposits 4.03 t/ha of carbon from the atmosphere, and the main part of it (91%) is preserved for a long time in the form of durable products and in the soil. Alfalfa and hemp crops can be used in carbon farms to reduce the carbon footprint and sell carbon credits.
Key words: carbon sequestration, biomass, alfalfa, hemp.
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DIGITAL ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL PLANT PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF NUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL
Tsylina K. S.
Bachelor's student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Tyupakov C. E.
Doctor of Economics Sciences, Associate Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar
Griguletsky V. G.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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The article is the first to determine the relationship between the potential productivity of agricultural plants and the amount of nutrients in the soil; it is shown that the results of the well-known «
law of growth factor action» (E. A. Mitscherlich, 1909) for plants need clarification and development. A new digital method for assessing the yield (productivity) of agricultural plants, in contrast to «
Mitscherlich’s law» takes into account the possible value of productivity above a certain minimum (initial) yield value, which is determined by the amount of nutrients in the soil. For practical calculations, simple calculation formulas have been obtained that determine the potential yield of plants and the amount of nutrients (fertilizers) in the soil; examples of calculations using new formulas are given.
Key words: crop, soil, fertilizers, growth rate, growth factor, nutrient supply.
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RED PHOSPHORUS RECYCLING BY BIOLOGICAL METHOD
Mindubaev A. Z.
Ph.D. (Tech. Sciences), Master's student, Kazan National Research Technological University, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Babynin E. V.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Tatar Research Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, Federal Research Center, Kazan Research Center of RAS, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Galimova A. R.
Ph.D. (Chem. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of General Chemistry and Ecology, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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The method of recycling pollutants by biological means is widely used for the elimination of toxic pollutants, treatment of wastewater, emissions and waste from industrial enterprises, chemical and household waste. The possibilities of biodegradation are far from exhausted. Earlier studies have shown the ability of microorganisms, in particular strains of the black aspergillus fungus Aspergillus niger, to oxidize the first class of hazard substance white phosphorus to harmless phosphate ions. Red phosphorus is much less toxic, but more stable physically and chemically, which makes its enzymatic metabolism difficult. But more recent research has shown that red phosphorus is a source of nutrients for the same fungi that detoxify white phosphorus. The description of the experiments was mainly qualitative in nature. However, the quantitative assessment of biodegradation is of utmost importance, and the presented work provides the first quantitative data on the biodegradation of red phosphorus by the A. niger AM1 strain, which indicate a significant increase in the rate of red phosphorus oxidation. This leads under the influence of the metabolism of Aspergillus growing in the culture medium, to the accumulation of the final oxidation product - phosphate ions. Compared to the control (sterile medium) containing red phosphorus, the rate increases by 1.25 times. The difference is not high, but significant and manifests itself in each repetition of the experiment. It is possible that this difference could be even higher, but the red phosphorus studied was initially contaminated with phosphoric acid, probably due to oxidation during storage. Since Aspergillus initially grew in a phosphate-rich environment, the activity of the red phosphorus biodegradation process was reduced compared to theoretically possible. The presented work is the first documented study confirming the decomposition of red phosphorus by a biological object.
Key words: biodegradation, red phosphorus, elemental phosphorus, Aspergillus niger, strain AM1.
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Applied ecology
GROWTH-STIMULATING EFFECT OF JOINT APPLICATION OF LIQUID COMPLEX FERTILIZER MICROMAC WITH FUNGICIDE VINCIT WHEN TREATING WHEAT AND BARLEY SEEDS
Titova V. I.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University», Russia, Nizhny Novgorod,
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Muralev S. G.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University», Russia, Nizhny Novgorod,
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An important factor in the productivity of agricultural crops is the provision of microelements, which enhance the activity of redox enzymes and have a positive effect on plant development during all periods of ontogenesis. The effect of treating wheat and barley seeds with liquid complex microfertilizer Micromac together with the fungicide Vincit on the performance of seedlings in laboratory conditions was assessed. The studies were carried out in the laboratories of the research and production company Volski Biokhim LLC and the Department of Agrochemistry and Agroecology of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University in the period March-April 2022 and 2023. The use of Micromac microfertilizer had a significant growth-stimulating effect on germinating wheat and barley seeds: it provided an increase in the mass of sprouts by 17.3 and 28.2% and roots by 12.6 and 15.2%, respectively, increased the length of sprouts and roots, as well as the proportion of normal sprouted seeds by reducing the proportion of ungerminated ones. To a greater extent, the positive effect of Micromac fertilizer was manifested on barley seeds.
Key words: spring wheat, barley, microelements, Micromac, Vincit, pre-sowing seed treatment, seedlings.
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AGROECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ADAPTABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
Nazarenko L. V.
Assistant, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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To establish the optimal factors influencing the productivity of agricultural crops, it is necessary to study the biological characteristics of each crop. For the full realization of the yield potential of a variety, its adaptation to local soil and climatic conditions is important. Winter wheat varieties Kalym and Vassa are characterized by maximum seed yield (57.3–57.6 quintal/ha) when applying seeding rates of 5–7 million seeds/ha. Weather conditions during the years of research significantly changed the share of influence of varietal composition on yield – ranging from 53.4 to 92.5% with an average value of 68.5%. It was shown by three-factor mathematical processing that the influence of years of research is decisive – 43.7% with a specific gravity of the variety of 18.2% and a seeding rate of 5.4%. In terms of adaptability parameters, the leaders were the Vassa and Kalym varieties, which had maximum stress resistance, genetic flexibility and breeding value.
Key words: winter wheat, variety, seeding rate, influence of factors, adaptability.
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INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN AND THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN CISCAUCASIA
Logoyda T. V.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Plant Growing, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
Neshchadim N. N.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Department of Plant Growing, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Koval A. V.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
Osipova A. G.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Phytopathology, Entomology and Plant Protection, «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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The experiment was aimed at studying the content of protein, fiber, macroelements and heavy metals in winter wheat grain using various technologies for growing this crop. The quality indicators of wheat grain were determined when applying fertilizers, plant protection products, as well as with various methods of soil preparation. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, a field stationary two-factor experiment was launched. The studies established changes in such indicators as grain glassiness, protein and gluten content, as well as changes in the content of macroelements and some heavy metals depending on the experimental options. There was a correlation between the amounts of protein and gluten (correlation coefficient 0.83–0.92). We have not noted critical levels of some heavy metals even at high rates of organic and mineral fertilizers.
Key words: winter wheat, protein, gluten, grain nature, heavy metals.
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ECOLOGIZATION OF PLANT PROTECTION WHEN GROWING WINTER WHEAT IN RAIN-FED CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION
Kokovikhin S. V.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Grekova I. V.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
Knyazeva T. V.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
Shvydskaya N. V.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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An important direction in the greening of agriculture is the replacement of synthetic pesticides with biological products that not only successfully cope with pathogenic ones, but also contribute to better development of crops and increase productivity. In field experiments, a decrease in the spread of diseases (septoria, powdery mildew) was recorded when using the chemical protectant Vitavax 200FF and the biological products Photosporin, BSP and Trichodermin. Biological products also had a positive effect on leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic productivity. The biological preparation Gaupsin was the best when compared with the control, chemical seed dressing (Vitavax 200FF) and other biological products. Gaupsin contributed to an increase in grain yield by 5.2–11.1 %, which was equivalent to 3.9–7.1 quintal/ha. Analysis of grain quality indicates its deterioration in the control variant, and it reached its maximum level when using the biological product Fitosporin.
Key words: winter wheat, plant protection, fungicides, biological products, chemical protectant, photosynthetic productivity, yield.
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EFFECTIVENESS OF TANK MIXTURES OF HERBICIDES IN THE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF FLAX AT «TVERSKAYA AIC» LLC
Akimov A. A.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Head, Department of Agrochemistry, Agriculture and Land Use, Tver State Agricultural Academy, Russia, Tver
Belenkov A. I.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Consultant, Federal Scientific Center for Forage Production and Agroecology named after V. R. Williams, Russia, Moscow region, Lobnya
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The research was carried out in 2018 in the production conditions of «Tverskaya AIC” LLC in the Bezhetsky district of the Tver region. We determined the agrotechnical and economic efficiency of tank mixtures of herbicides on fiber flax crops when introducing fallow lands into production. Under the influence of the herbicides used, the infestation of flax with dicotyledonous weeds decreased and their death was 96.9 and 91.1% in the first and second options, respectively. Regarding monocotyledonous weeds: according to the first option, under the influence of the tank mixture, the infestation of creeping wheatgrass decreased from 15 to 14 pcs./m2. The use of fusilade forte a week after spraying with the tank mixture reduced the number of creeping wheatgrass from 29 to 6 pcs/m2 (death was 79.3 %). It was not possible to completely destroy creeping wheatgrass both under the influence of Fusilade Forte (1 l/ha) in flax crops, and the combined effect of Fusilade Forte (1 l/ha) in flax crops and Glyphos (3 l/ha) applied in the fall for plowing. The highest yield of 3.40 t/ha of fiber flax trust was obtained in the first variant of the experiment, which was 0.2 t/ha higher than in the second variant, despite the greater weed infestation. The average trust number is rated at 2.0. According to the laboratory, the use of Fusilade Forte increases the yield of short fiber by 2.3% compared to the first option.
Key words: fiber flax, weeds, species composition, herbicides, tank mixture, flax yield, flax seeds, economic efficiency.
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ANALYSIS OF THE MODERN RANGE OF FUNGICIDES FOR PROTECTING WATERMELON FROM DISEASES
Dmitrenko N. N.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Moskaleva N. A.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Studelnikov E. A.
Student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Watermelon is a widespread crop throughout the world. A significant decrease in the quality of fruits and yield of this crop is observed due to diseases, which requires the use of fungicides. When choosing preparations from the modern range of pesticides for protection against harmful objects on watermelon, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the action not only on the harmful object and plant, but also on the environment. The analysis of the range of drugs for protecting watermelon from diseases shows the possibility of selecting drugs depending on the prevailing weather conditions, the emerging complex of pathogens and the biological characteristics of the harmful object. The assortment includes products from different groups of origin: chemical and biological, - therefore, it is possible to build a protection system using only biological products to obtain higher quality watermelon fruits. Chemical preparations should be used in a situation where conditions for the development of the pathogen are favorable and there is a danger of developing epiphytotics, but it is also possible to select a preparation in order to improve the ecotoxicological situation in the watermelon agrocenosis.
Key words: watermelon, watermelon diseases, biological preparations, range of preparations, fungicides, bacteria, fungi.
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DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE WOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
Verbitsky A. Yu.
Master's student, Faculty of Hydromelioration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
Arinicheva I. V.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Higher Mathematics, «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Population growth on the planet is inevitably accompanied by an intensification of production, including deforestation, which is often uncontrolled. The problem of deforestation is of planetary significance and inevitably leads to major environmental problems, such as a decrease in species diversity up to the complete disappearance of individual ecosystems; increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; changes in groundwater levels, which, in turn, leads to desertification or swamping of areas. One of the promising directions for solving the problem of reducing deforestation is the implementation of a full cycle of wood processing by creating innovative composites that meet modern high requirements for structures and materials. This work examined the influence of wood species and low-density polyethylene film thickness on the properties of environmentally friendly plywood. To make plywood samples, we used peeled veneer from two types of wood (birch and spruce) and a high-density polyethylene film with two thicknesses (80 and 150 μm) as glue. Samples of plywood from the studied wood species, glued with a low-density polyethylene film, showed satisfactory physical and mechanical properties. This study provides a practical option for improving interfacial adhesion between wood veneer and low-density polyethylene film to develop highly water-resistant plywood that can potentially be used in exterior and interior applications.
Key words: environmentally friendly plywood, polyethylene film, physical and mechanical properties, adhesion strength.
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IMPROVING METHODS FOR RECLAMATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS USING BIOCHAR AND MYCORRHIZA
Khairetdinova V. R.
Master's student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology», Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa,
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Nafikova E. V.
Ph.D. (Geogr. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Safety and Industrial Ecology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology», Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
Alexandrov D. V.
Postgraduate student, Department of Production Safety and Industrial Ecology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology», Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
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Environmental losses as a result of accidents at oil fields and oil pipelines are hundreds of times greater than the economic damage from direct losses. To limit the scale of the consequences, more rational and rapid restoration of soil cover is necessary, since soil is the most important component of ecosystems. The main measure is land reclamation using the most environmentally friendly methods. The article presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of soil restoration using a sorbent based on biochar and mycorrhiza. The effectiveness of the restoration of oil-contaminated soil using sorbents was assessed at various concentrations of the pollutant using oats as a test crop. Test reactions such as seed germination, shoot length, seedling root length, and seedling weight were determined. The best performance of the test crop was observed in samples using a sorbent. The method for assessing the phytotoxicity of soil samples and the effectiveness of sorbents showed that the use of a sorbent reduces the level of soil toxicity and can be applied to real objects.
Key words: oil contamination, soil restoration, petroleum products, phytotoxicity, biotesting, biochar, mycorrhiza.
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Biodiversity and Bioresources
FORECASTING THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF PHYTOCOENOSES PRODUCTS AS THE BASIS OF AGRICULTURAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BIORESOURCE POTENTIAL OF MEADOW TERRITORIES
Kulikov Yu. A.
Analyst, InfoBiS LLC, Russia, Voronezh,
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Vysotskaya E. A.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I», Russia, Voronezh,
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Natural phytocenoses of meadows in the Voronezh region function under conditions that ensure high productivity of plant species that are a valuable biological resource. Plants of species belonging to different taxonomic groups have different feed and energy value. During the study, monitoring of the state and spatio-temporal dynamics of biomass in the meadow was carried out using remote sensing methods and field measurements at representative survey sites. The measurements were carried out at time intervals corresponding to the change in development phases of the predominant group of species. The paper presents the results of measuring the amount of biomass per unit area, which are correlated with the values of the vegetation index obtained by processing multispectral satellite images. Based on the identified correlation, a model of changes in the nutritional value of green mass at different times of the growing season was constructed using the example of the species Poa praténsis (meadow bluegrass), which is a representative of the predominant group in the study areas. Analysis of the data obtained allows us to conclude that the dependence of the gross nutritional value of green mass obtained per unit area of meadow on the phase of plant development is nonlinear. This pattern can be applied to organize a rational approach to the use of the biological resource of meadow species of herbaceous plants, taking into account changes in the qualitative characteristics of green mass in the process of seasonal growth and development.
Key words: forecasting, nutritional value of phytocenosis products, biological resource of biocenoses, dynamics of productivity of meadow biocenoses, green mass, remote monitoring.
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USE OF FOREST BELTS AND BINARY CROPS AS BIOLOGICAL WAYS
OF INCREASING THE TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROCENOSES IN CONDITIONS OF UNSTABLE HUMIDIFICATION IN THE VORONEZH REGION
Romantsov R. Ye.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after. Emperor Peter I», Russia, Voronezh,
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Vysotskaya E. A.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after. Emperor Peter I», Russia, Voronezh,
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The studied territory of the Buturlinovsky district of the Voronezh region is located in the zone of so-called risky agriculture due to the lack of moisture and its uneven distribution over the seasons. Ecosystems of forest belts have a multifunctional effect on agroecosystems, leading to the preservation and increase in the sustainability of agricultural landscapes. The article presents research on increasing soil fertility in the study area due to the action of forest belts. The data obtained indicate that forest belts contribute to snow retention and moisture accumulation. Additional moisture saturation of the soil cover is noted, and more favorable water and temperature conditions are created. With the noted positive effects of the shelterbelt, there is a decrease in the yield of the main sunflower crop in the variant of binary crops in close proximity to it due to increased shading during the formation of heads. At the same time, the production potential is compensated by increasing the yield of eastern galega. In turn, the enhanced growth of perennial legumes contributes to the development of nitrogen-fixing activity of microorganisms, which is confirmed by an increase in the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen. Indirectly, this process affects the stabilization of the humus state of typical chernozems.
Key words: forest belts, binary crops, monoculture, sunflower, eastern galega (goat's rue), perennial leguminous grasses, agrocenosis, soil component, overall productivity of the agrocenosis.
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WEEDS AND FIELD VEGETATION IN AGROPHYTOCOENOSES OF THE NORTHERN STEPPE (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION)
Gurkin S. V.
Postgraduate student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I», Russia, Voronezh,
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Oleynikova E. M.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I», Russia, Voronezh,
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The article analyzes the species composition, taxonomy and biomorphology of weeds and field vegetation, the number of which exceeds the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH) for the main agricultural crops cultivated in the steppe zone of the Central Black Sea Region: winter wheat, spring wheat, corn, soybeans, sunflower. The studies were carried out in 2020–2022. in the Kantemirovsky district of the Voronezh region. A total of 14,400 hectares of agricultural crops were surveyed. As part of agrocenoses, 18 species of field weeds were identified, the number of which was higher than the ETH. The species composition of the segetal component is most widely represented in the agrocenoses of winter wheat - 13 species, soybean - 8 species, sunflower - 5 species and corn - 4 species. No weeds exceeding the ETH were found in spring wheat crops. A larger number of weeds was noted in winter wheat crops compared to row crops. Biomorphological analysis showed that young plants with different life cycle durations predominate: late spring (7 species), early spring (4 species), wintering (4 species); Vegetatively mobile plants are represented by root suckers (3 species). Taxonomic analysis revealed that 50% of weed species belong to two families – Asteraceae and Poaceae. Sonchus arvensis, Helianthus annuus, Chenopodium album, and Convolvulus arvensis were most often noted in agrocenoses. According to the data obtained, no more than 6% of the total number of weed species growing in the Voronezh region cause economic damage to agricultural crops in the steppe part of the region.
Key words: weed-field (segetal) vegetation, agrophytocenosis, economic threshold of harmfulness, crop yield.
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FINDS OF NEW NESTS OF THE WHITE STORK (CICONIA CICONIA LINNAEUS, 1758) IN THE KRASNODAR REGION IN 2018–2023
Gozhko A. A.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University» in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Russia, Slavyansk-on-Kuban,
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Lohman Yu. V.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), General Director, Head of the Ornithology Department, Kuban Research Center «Wildlife of the Caucasus», Russia, Krasnodar,
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In the North Caucasus, white storks were noted at the beginning of the 20th century, after which they disappeared, and their appearance was recorded again at the end of the 20th century. The white stork Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus, 158 is a fairly rare bird in the Krasnodar region that needs special attention and protection from humans, so information about the discovery of new nesting sites is certainly of scientific interest. Field studies of white stork nesting were carried out from 2018 to 2023. The nesting range in the region covers the Slavyansky, Krasnoarmeysky and Kalininsky districts. More than 75% of the breeding population of white storks is located within the Krasnoarmeysky district; by 2023, their number here reached 15 pairs. In 2018–2023 new nesting areas were discovered in the west of the Krasnodar Territory. Currently, 19 residential nests are known in the Krasnodar region.
Key words: white stork Ciconia ciconia, biotope, reproduction, numbers, new nesting areas, Krasnodar region.
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PROTECTION OF THE ALTAI STAG AND POPULATION MANAGEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN: ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS
Yarmiev I. Z.
Lecturer, Department of Biological Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan,
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Rakhimov I. I.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Bioecology, Hygiene and Public Health, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, rakhim56@mail
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The conservation of biodiversity is currently becoming particularly important. Expanding human activity, climate change, pollution, and other global challenges pose serious threats to many species and ecosystems. Environmental experts emphasize that conservation is important at the local level and is essential to ensuring the sustainability of the planet. The article contains information about the importance of preserving the Altai stag, its natural features and threats to its populations, including new habitats, among them in the Republic of Tatarstan. It is noted that the Altai stag is the object of breeding in various regions and that its populations are subject to protection. A comparison is made of the natural habitat of the Altai stag and natural conditions in the Republic of Tatarstan, including climatic conditions, vegetation types, soil, topography, breeding conditions and the presence of predatory animals. Differences in natural conditions highlight the importance of good management and conservation when implementing an acclimatization program. A statistical analysis of data from hunting farms in Tatarstan for 2021 and 2022 is presented, including the number of stags and individuals released into the wild. The patterns of the general dynamics of the number of stags in various hunting farms have been identified, which is important for planning programs for population management and breeding of the Altai stag.
Key words: Altai stag, habitat, natural characteristics, Republic of Tatarstan, introduction, acclimatization, breeding, protection.
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ECOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PROBLEM OF GASTROPOD INFECTION IN RECREATIONAL ZONES OF RESERVOIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
Bedova P. V.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Pharmacy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Mari State University», Russia, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola,
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Parasitic organisms are an integral part of biocenoses and create not only a scientific, but also a medical and environmental problem with serious social and economic consequences. A person, as a nonspecific host of cercariae, becomes ill with cercarial dermatitis when they enter from water through the skin. Gastropods are carriers of various types of cercariae, creating a danger to humans. The paper discusses the problem of infection of gastropods by cercariae of trematodes of the families Strigeidae and Schistosomatidae in recreation areas on reservoirs of the Republic of Mari El. The studies were carried out in the Volzhsky and Yurinsky districts, as well as in the city of Yoshkar-Ola. It was shown that in all studied reservoirs of the Mari El Republic, the overall infestation of parthenites of trematodes was higher than the infestation of cercariae of the family Strigeidae. Gastropods are least infected by cercariae of the family Schistosomatidae. The infestation of schistosomatid cercariae did not exceed 4.9%. However, according to the methodology for developing an expert opinion, there is a risk of infection of people.
Key words: parthenites, trematodes, beaches, reservoirs, cercarial dermatitis, Republic of Mari El, medical and ecological situation of reservoirs
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Monitoring of ecological systems
HUMUS STATE OF DEGRADED SOILS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
Syshchikov D. V.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Leading Researcher, Federal State Institution «Donetsk Botanical Garden», Russia, Donetsk People's Republic, Donetsk,
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Agurova I. V.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Leading Researcher, Federal State Institution «Donetsk Botanical Garden», Russia, Donetsk People's Republic, Donetsk,
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Berezovsky A. S.
Junior Researcher, Federal State Institution «Donetsk Botanical Garden», Russia, Donetsk People's Republic, Donetsk,
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The article presents the results of assessing the humus content in the soils of agrocenoses of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). The studies were conducted during 2022–2023 in the northern and southern parts of the Shakhtarsky district of the DPR in 15 model areas selected taking into account such factors as the prevalence of the type of disturbance within the study area, the degree of anthropogenic transformation, and the type of crop being cultivated. The results of the studies showed an accumulative type of humus distribution in the soil profile, which was expressed in the maximum accumulation of humus from the arable horizon with a decrease in its content with depth. A significant decrease in the percentage of humus in the genetic horizons of the soils of the studied agrocenoses was shown in comparison with the indicators of the zonal soil. The most noticeable negative effect of degradation processes on the humus content was recorded in areas No. 5, 6, 10 and 13, where the predecessors were crops with a high level of removal of mineral nutrition elements (a decrease in content by 63–75% relative to the zonal soil indicators). Based on the humus content in the arable horizon of the studied degraded soils, most soils are classified as slight- or low-humus.
Key words: soil, humus, arable and subarable horizons, model plot.
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ACCUMULATION OF 137Cs BY ABOVE GROUND PHYTOMASS OF FLOODLAND MEADOW OF THE SOZH RIVER
Timofeev S. F.
Ph.D. (Agric. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Educational Institution «Gomel State University named after F. Skaryna», Belarus, Gomel,
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Daineko N. M.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Educational Institution «Gomel State University named after F. Skorina», Belarus, Gomel,
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The basis for the stability and development of livestock farming is a strong food supply, in the formation of which floodplain meadows play an important role. Considering the consequences of radioactive contamination, an important task is to assess the contamination of above-ground phytomass of grass with the main dose-forming agent 137Cs. The main amount of 137Cs in the soil of a floodplain meadow is in a layer up to 10 cm, so radionuclides are intensively absorbed by plants. Determination of the specific activity of 137Cs (Bq/kg) in soil and plants was carried out by the radiometric method on an MKS-AT1315 beta-gamma spectrometer. The research was carried out in a floodplain meadow of the river Sozh in the vicinity of the village of Sherstin, Gomel region, at three designated sites. During the period from 2011 to 2022, the radionuclide content in the horizon up to 10 cm decreased by approximately 10%. With a decrease in the duration of flooding, the content of radionuclide in the grass stand decreased. The lowest content of agent 137Cs in the phytomass was in years with a short duration of flooding. The decrease in radionuclide accumulation is associated with a decrease in moisture and the amount of organic matter and available K, Ca, P and Mg in the soil. To assess the accumulation of radionuclide, the accumulation coefficient (AC) was determined, according to the values of which the plant species of meadow phytocenoses were divided into 6 groups. For the period 2011–2023 there was a decrease in the amount of radionuclide in the grass stand by more than 2 times.
Key words: agrobotanical groups, floodplain meadow, soil horizons, meadow plants, productivity of above-ground phytomass, specific activity of 137Cs, accumulation coefficient.
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ACCUMULATION OF ZINC IN PUMPKIN UNDER THE COMBINED ACTION OF VARIOUS FACTORS
Shmatok V. I.
Postgraduate student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Pogorelova V. A.
PhD. Biol. sciences, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Melchenko A. I.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Krivorotov S. B.
Doctor of Biology, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar,
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The work studied the accumulation of zinc in the vegetative and generative organs of pumpkin (Cucurbita), the pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae). The studies were performed on soils – leached chernozem (bogara) and meadow-chernozem soil of rice crop rotation with an aerial application of 1 MPC Zn(NO3)2 in terms of zinc. Varieties of pumpkin are Marbled and Prikubanskaya. The repetition in the experiment is 6 times. Plant samples were taken before harvesting. The content of the studied heavy metal was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that when growing pumpkin on soil leached chernozem, zinc accumulates more in the fruits of both varieties than when growing on meadow-chernozem soil of rice crop rotation by 1,5 times. A similar tendency for the accumulation of the studied heavy metal, depending on soil differences, has been determined for the vegetative organs of the pumpkin. The Marbled pumpkin variety has the highest accumulation of zinc in fruits in comparison with the Prikubanskaya variety on leached chernozem soil and meadow-chernozem soil of rice crop rotation, the difference in the content of this heavy metal when applying a solution of 1 MPC was 20 and 17 %, respectively.
Key words: soil, accumulation, heavy metal, pumpkin.
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AGROECOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOILS CONTAMINATED AND DISTURBED BY THE MINING INDUSTRY
Khalilova L. S.
Senior Lecturer, Azerbaijan Technological University, Republic of Azerbaijan, Ganja,
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, or Cid–0009–0009–2572–0980
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The agroecological and microbiological characteristics of soils contaminated and disturbed as a result of mining activities in the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus were studied. As a result of the studies, it was established that the amount of heavy metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo) and manganese (Mn), entering the environment as a result anthropogenic activity, significantly exceeds their natural amount in the biosphere. In uncontaminated soils, the bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Listeria monositogenes, as well as the species Penсillium janthinellum, Fusarium solani, Geomyces pannorum, Trichoderma lignorum and T. viride were found, but these types of bacteria and micromycetes were not found in the contaminated soil. Micromycetes Acremonium cilyndrospora, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium merdarium, Mycogone nigra, Listeria monocytogenes, and species of microorganisms Leptospira bonis were found in the contaminated areas. It has been established that the species diversity of bacteria and fungi in different areas is associated with changes caused by environmental influences. Soil restoration is possible by planting anthropogenically resistant plant species and using micromycetes with increased absorption capacity.
Key words: mining waste, heavy metals, contaminated soil, bacterial biota, fungal biota, soil remediation.
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ASSESSMENT OF THE VIABILITY OF LINDEN POLLEN AS A METHOD OF BIOINDICATION IN CONDITIONS OF URBAN ECOSYSTEM
Nagalevsky M. V.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Head. Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Shcherbatova A. F.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University», Russia, Krasnodar,
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Goncharov A. N.
Student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University», Russia, Krasnodar,
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The article discusses the results of an analysis of the viability of Caucasian linden pollen (T. dasystyla subsp. caucasica (V. Engl.) Pigott) in the urban ecosystem of Krasnodar. For the study, 25 sampling points were identified on the territory of Krasnodar, located in various environmental conditions – near highways, within recreational areas, in residential areas and pedestrian areas. The viability of pollen was determined by germinating pollen grains in vitro on a nutrient medium. The minimum value of the degree of pollen viability was observed at the sampling point at 346, Stavropolskaya street, where it amounted to 31.54%. The maximum pollen fertility rate was 68%. This indicator was obtained at the sampling point located in the Sunny Island Park. Analysis of pollen viability in an urban environment indicates the influence of atmospheric air pollution on the formation of pollen tubes and can be used to assess the state of the environment.
Key words: atmospheric air, palynology, pollen viability, pollen tubes, Caucasian linden.
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MEASURING PHYTOEFFECTS IN ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RIVER WATER QUALITY
Sytnikov D. M.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of «Radioecology and Environmental Safety», Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Sevastopol State University», Russia, Sevastopol,
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Talymonyuk A. P.
Master's student, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Sevastopol State University», Russia, Sevastopol
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An environmental assessment of the water quality of the small river Kacha (
Crimean Peninsula) was carried out using an algorithm for measuring phytoeffects. During phytotesting, the energy of seed germination was determined, and the formation of seedlings was assessed along the length of the stem and root. Representatives of cereals (
Avena sativa L.), pumpkin (
Cucumis sativus L.) and legumes (
Glycine max (L.) Merr.) crops were used in the work. The use of an algorithm for measuring phytoeffects showed the unequal presence of toxicants in the studied river waters from source to mouth. A reliable phytoeffect was recorded in relation to the roots (36–87%) and stems (29–64%) of the studied monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
Key words: Kacha River, water quality, biotesting, phytoeffect, environmental assessment.
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Brief Communications
SPECIES DIVERSITY OF TREE AND SHRUB PLANTINGS OF URBAN FLORA OF KRAS-NODAR
Pilyaeva M. A.
Master's student, Agricultural Technological Institute, Department of Landscape Design and Sus-tainable Ecosystems, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow,
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Shchepeleva A. S.
Ph.D. (Biol. Sciences), Associate Professor, Agricultural Technological Institute, Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow,
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The article provides an analysis of data obtained as a result of a study of the species diversity of tree and shrub plantings of urban flora within the administrative boundaries of the Western Intracity District of Krasnodar in order to identify the most common taxa (family, genus), provides information about adventive and native species, as well as dangerous invasive species with high invasive potential, the most promising genera for the formation of the species composition of green spaces in Krasnodar are indicated. The information and analytical data obtained can be used to develop further recommendations for the conservation and expansion of the species diversity of urban flora.
Key words: Krasnodar, urban flora, species diversity, green spaces, green frame, native species, adventive species, invasive potential.
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