THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Registration certificate ПИ № ФС 77-21756, reg. 30.08.2005
Science and Theory Journal
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2017, V. 13, №1
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Founded in 2005
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Published 4 times a year
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C O N T E N T
Features of landscape development
UDC 631.879
COMPLEX COMPOST IN ITS FUNCTION AS A MULTIPHASE DISPERSE SYSTEM OF DIFFERENT PRODUCTION WASTES
Mel'nik Ol'ga A.
candidate of biological sciences, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13,
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Tregubova Varvara V.
Undergraduate of Ecological Faculty, Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
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Complex compost is a polydisperse, polyorganic, and polymineral multiphase system, consisting of various media and components (solid, liquid, gaseous, as well as a body of living organisms). The capabilities of this system can be studied through evaluating its components with account of their dispersion specificity (depending on the state of aggregation) and their colloidity. The complex compost development is determined by the regularity of exchange reactions in it. Biological processes involving bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, unicellular algae, meso- (earthworms, Enchytraeidae, Julida) and microarthropods (springtails, mites, and other species) play an important role in complex compost formation. The biological activity of complex compost is evaluated by the microarthropods’ development degree.
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UDC 631.4
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE NONLINEAR RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT THE TEMPERATURE FACTOR
Smagin A. V.
doctor of biological science, professor, Lononosov Moscow State University, (Russia), 119992, Moscow, GSP-2, Leninskye gory; Institute of Forest Science the Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia), 143030, Moscow region. Sovetskaya 21, p/o Uspenskoe,
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.
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The temperature factor affects the majority of the biological processes on the type of Shelford’s ecological curve with unimodal peak attributable to the optimum temperature zone. Modeling of such non-linear dependencies is not a simple problem, which in turn complicates the data entry of the temperature factor in computing media for predicting the response of biological productivity and other processes on the global climate changes. The study contains an attempt to solve this problem on the basis of sufficiently universal mathematical model with two or three basic parameters for the process of water transpiration by lawn grass.
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UDC 631.584.5
INFLUENCE OF COMBINING CROPS OF ANNUAL GRASSES AND COMPLEX COMPOST ON LEVEL ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOIL COVER
Belyuchenko I. S.
Doctor of biological sciences, professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named I.T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, ul. Kalinina, 13,
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On the basis of these experiments, it was found that the combination of cultures in agrocoenos, and also entering of complex compost, significantly improves physicochemical properties of soil, in particular the content of organic matter. In addition, biological functions of soil due to increase of soil's microbial bio-diversity improve .
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UDC 631.95(470.620)
SPECIFICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Gukalov V. N.
doctor of biological sciences, professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, 350044,. Russia, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13
Korunchikova V. V.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, 350044, Russia, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13
Sergeeva A. S.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, 350044, Russia, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13
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The modern technologies used in the creation of systems of agricultural landscapes, and their intensification leads to decrease in soil fertility, reduce the biological activity of phytocenoses, transformation of natural systems. Various aspects of changes in current situation and ways to improve the ecological state of landscape through the use of organicmineral fertilizers of type complex compost, enhancing biodiversity micro-, zoo-, and phytocenoses are considere.
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UDC 550.7
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF PRIAMURJE FOOD NATURAL AND CULTIVATED PLANTS
Ivashov Petr V.
doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation; Senior Researcher; Insitute of Water and Ecological Problems FEB RAS; 680000, Russia. Khabarovsk, Kim Yu Chen str. 65.
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Heavy metal concentrations were estimated in food natural and cultivated plants, grown in wildlife re-serves and angrolandscapes of Pipriamurje to identify plants, which can be used as indicators for the biochemical monitoring of the environment.
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UDC 631.879.42
IMPACT OF PIG MANURE AND COMPOST ON ITS BASIS ON PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT
Antonenko D. A.
Candidate of agricultural sciences, Kuban State Agrarian University, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinin Street, 13, E-mail:
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The results of vegetative experience, where the objects of study are winter wheat, organomineral compost and leached chernozem are presented in the article. Assessing the impact of complex compost composed of organic and inorganic wastes on the properties of leached chernozem showed positive results. Favorable effect of compost on the physical and chemical properties of the leached chernozem was noted. Complex compost has helped reduce the density of the soil, improving its structure, increase the organic matter content, mobile phosphorus and nitrogen. The increase in biological productivity and weight of 1000 grains of winter wheat were found.
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UDC 579.695; 546.85; 502.55; 661.63
ASPERGILLUS NIGER AM1 CULTURE GROWTH IN MEDIUM WITH TWO PHOSPHORUS SOURCES. EFFECTIVENESS OF WHITE PHOSPHORUS STERILIZATION WITH ACETONE
Mindubaev A. Z.
State Budgetary-Funded Institution of Science A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences
Validov S. Z.
Kazan (Volga region) federal university, Kazan
Voloshina A. D.
State Budgetary-Funded Institution of Science A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences
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Aspergillus niger AM1 culture is registered in the international database of nucleotide sequences Gen-Bank. This is the first registered microorganism strain that is resistant to white phosphorus. The calculation showed that the transition metal salts concentration in the modified Pridhem-Gottlieb medium is too small for abiotic disproportionation of white phosphorus introduced in it. P4 excess, depending on the concentration, comprises in terms of Cu2+ from 25 to 25000 times! Hence, there is reason to talk about biodegradation. Inoculation of A. niger AM1 in medium containing just two sources of phosphorus (phosphate and white phosphorus) demonstrated that P4 does not exhibit toxic properties in relation to this microorganism. In the presence of white phosphorus it grows at the same rate as in the absence thereof. This is the only example of the lack of white phosphorus toxicity to a living organism. To compare the conversion of white phosphorus in the presence and absence of microbial culture A. niger AM1 were sown in a medium with white phosphorus, sterilized with acetone. The sowing was performed in a test, the control medium with white phosphorus left sterile. In control media no growth was detected in 117 days. This indicates that the sterilization of P4 weighs with acetone is effective.
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UDC 631.879.4
INFLUENCE OF INTRODUCTION OF COMPLEX COMPOST ON DEVELOPMENT OF LIVING ORGANISMS IN THE TOPSOIL
Belyuchenko I. St.
Doctor of biological sciences, professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, ul. Kalinina, 13,
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Complex compost is polydisperse, polyorganic and polymineral multiphase system from different environments and components: solid, liquid, gaseous and complex of living organisms. The properties of system, the possibility of which can be explored by assessing its components, taking into account the aggregate specifics of dispersion and colloidal. Development of complex compost is determined by the laws of its metabolic reactions. An important role in the formation of a complex compost play of biological processes with participation bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, unicellular algae, meso- (soil worms, enchytraeids, millipede) and microarthropods (collembola, mites and other species). By the degree of development of microarthropoda is estimated biological activity of complex compost.
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UDC 504.4.054 (470.620)
ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF RIVER ANAPKA
Tkachenko L. N.
Senior lecturer, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, 350044. Russia, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13
Barabash A. Yu
graduate student of faculty of ecology, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, 350044. Russia, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13
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Description of the coastal zone of river Anapka and main indicators determining the depth, width, flow rate, organoleptic characteristics, pH, dissolved oxygen content, and the results to determine the toxicity of bottom sediments is contained in the article.
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UDC 327.8
THE POSITIVE EXPERIENCE OF ROSTOV REGION IN COMBATING THE ILLICIT FELLING OF GREEN TREES
Topchiev A. A.
Chief specialist of the administrative Department of production management of the regional state ecological supervision of the Ministry of natural resources and environment of the Rostov region
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The present article is devoted to the most topical issue in the field of environmental protection is the illegal cutting down of green plantings. This negative phenomenon was caused by several factors and creates negative consequences for the environment and for human health and causes a wide public resonance and describes the environmental agencies. In this article we will try to bring the positive experience of the Ministry of natural resources and environment of the Rostov region for the implementation of the direct solution of this problem and the introduction of effective preventive mechanism for the implementation of these functions.
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UDC 631.423.3
INFLUENCE OF THE SOIL PROFILE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ROLLING PHOSPHORANE ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
Teuchezh A. A.
Senior lecturer, candidate of biological sciences, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13,
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Distribution of available phosphorus along the soil profile, by layers and by seasons is considered in the article. Special studies have shown that most of the phosphorus, which absorbed by plants, is removed from the upper (0-20 cm) soil layer. With the depth of content of available phosphorus are decreases. A marked decrease of concentration of phosphorus in all elements of relief with depth, in our opinion, is connected with the declining share of introduced of phosphate fertilizers and superficial flushing of fine particles of upper horizon. The highest phosphorus content in soil layers was allocated at accumulative system. In the spring, the highest concentration of phosphorus is characteristic of northern watershed where phosphate fertilizers under wheat crops were introduced. The highest content of phosphorus in the summer differ on slope with crops of sugar beet, under which introduce a significant dose of phosphate fertilizers for plowing. The low phosphorus content is also caused by its use of wheat for formation grain yield.
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UDC 332.3:57.081
PARTICIPATION OF COMPLEX COMPOST OF MIGRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Mamas N. N.
Candidate of biological sciences, associate Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13,
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From the content of soil organic matter are dependent the basic qualitative and quantitative characteristics of root layer. Pollution of soils of heavy metal (HM) refers to irreversible species of degradation. Reducing of toxic effect of HM observed with the introduction of phosphate in the soil. There are plants with super accumulative abilities in relation to certain heavy metals. They can be used for growing with purpose of cleaning of contaminated soils from the elements that are dangerous when used in food animals and humans.
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UDC 631.412
INFLUENCE OF RELIEF ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE UPPER LAYER OF CHERNOZEM ORDINARY
Teuchezh A. A.
Senior lecturer, candidate of biological sciences, Kuban State Agrarian University named I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, st. Kalinina, 13,
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Chemical and physical properties of soil farm JSC "Zavety Ilyicha" Leningrad region are considered in the article. Soil physical properties were examined in the research area, which include the density - in the surface layer of 1.27 g/cm3, with depth is increased to 1.46 g cm3; specific gravity - 2.68 g/cm3 and with depth varies little, porosity of arable layer - 52 %, and drops with depth of 46 %. Agrochemical properties of soil farm on different relief elements were studied: the northern watershed, southern slope, beams, north slope, south watershed. In general, the agronomic properties of ordinary chernozem quite identical, and only the beam systems are different of noticeable differences in humus and phosphorus. Soils of farm presented in a mostly of ordinary chernozem, having a good structure, high porosity and water supply. The humus content in the soils of the studied farm JSC "Zavety Ilyicha" ranges from 3.6 to 4.2 % at a pH of 7,8-8,3. Slightly alkaline reaction is determined by the presence of CaCO3 in the soil. Its presence is mainly concentrated in the surface layers. Stocks CaCO3 at a depth of 0-200 cm is about 2,400 t /ha. Granulometric composition is mainly clay and hard clay. Mechanical components coagulated in the solid microaggregates, majority of which relates to size of fraction of large dust.
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