THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
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Scientific and Theoretical Journal
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2023, Vol. 19, № 2
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Founded in 2005
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Published quarterly
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C O N T E N T S
GENERAL ECOLOGY
CO2 EMISSION DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON LEACHED CHERNOZEM OF THE WESTERN CAUCASIAN REGION
Shalyapin V. V.
Post-graduate student, Department of Agrochemistry, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Onishchenko L. M.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Golubova V. K.
Bachelor, Department of Agrochemistry, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Razgulin V. A.
Bachelor, Department of Agrochemistry, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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The soil is one of the main carbon accumulators in the biosphere, while the emission of carbon dioxide in the soil depends on the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors and is an indicator of the state of the ecosystem, making a significant contribution to the global carbon cycle on the planet. Excess carbon emission affects climate change, so it is important to know its extent in active land use with the use of mineral fertilizers. The seasonal emission of carbon monoxide (IV) and the rate of CO2 emission depending on the use of mineral fertilizers in a stationary experiment of an 11-field grain-grass-rowed crop rotation on the leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia, where 90 % of chernozems are used as arable land, are considered. The experiments were carried out in the field and in a climatic chamber, where seasonal conditions were modeled based on average longterm observations of the agroclimate and the daily emission of carbon monoxide and its rate were estimated. Quantification of CO2 emissions showed the maximum increase in losses from nitrogen (85.99 and 92.85 mg CO2/kg of soil) and potash fertilizers (79.93 and 79.01 mg CO2/kg of soil), respectively. The results of a two way dispersion analysis of carbon monoxide (IV) emission data for exposure indicate a high share of the effect of fertilizers on the studied indicator – 66.17%. The share of the influence of fertilizers on the rate of CO2 emission is much less and amounted to 29.81 %, while the share of the influence of seasonal factors (humidity and temperature) increased to 54.63 %.
Key words: leached chernozem, carbon monoxide (IV) emissions, greenhouse gases, mineral fertilizers.
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Applied ecology
IMPACT EFFICIENCY OF JOINT APPLICATION OF "BERES" PREPARATIONS AND UREA-AMMONIUM NITRATE FOR WHEAT YIELD
Ulyanova O. A.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Russia, Krasnoyarsk
Belousova E. N.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Russia, Krasnoyarsk
Belousov A. A.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Russia, Krasnoyarsk
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The effectiveness of new preparations “Beres” used for seed treatment during dressing, as well as for foliar dressing together with chemical plant protection products, with and without urea-ammonium nitrate in tank mixtures in the technology of cultivation of spring wheat variety Novosibirskaya 15 in agricultural conditions was evaluated under conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe zone. The treatment of wheat grain with “Beres” super extract of seaweed together with urea-ammonium nitrate led to an increase in the amount of easily hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil by 34 % compared to the control. The complex use of preparations “Beres” and urea-ammonium nitrate contributed to a statistically significant increase in the germination of wheat seeds by 7–22 %, an increase in the grain yield of wheat variety Novosibirskaya 15 by 22–29 % compared to the control, depending on the variant of the experiment. The use of “Beres” super seaweed extract, and then the treatment of vegetative plants with “Beres AminoMax” at rates of 0.1–0.5 l/ha, together with urea-ammonium nitrate, contributed to the formation of a maximum wheat yield of 48–45 hundred kilograms/ha, respectively. A close relationship was revealed between the yield of wheat when urea-ammonium nitrate was applied and the amount of easily hydrolysable and nitrate nitrogen in agricultural chernozem.
Key words: urea-ammonium nitrate, “Beres” brand preparations, chemical plant protection products, organic and mineral forms of soil nitrogen, yield of spring wheat.
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EXTRACTION OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS WITH POMEGRANATE PEEL
Torosyan G. O.
Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan
Akopyan A. A.
PhD (Chem. Sci.), Associate Professor, Department of Processing Technology of Plant Products, National Agrarian University of Armenia, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan
Petrosyan M. Z.
PhD (Tech. Sci.), Associate Professor, Department of General Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan
Avagyan N. A.
PhD (Tech. Sci.), Associate Professor, National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Department of General Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan
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One of the main sources of pollution of water basins, both in terms of volume and toxicity of the resulting effluents, is oil production, its processing and the use of petroleum products, as well as the production of basic organic synthesis. Data on the adsorption treatment of wastewater from regular pollutants of organic synthesis and the petrochemical industry - phenol and furfural are given. The results of studies of the adsorption activity of untreated and modified (treated with phosphoric acid) pomegranate peel during the extraction of phenol and furfural from water are discussed. The adsorption activity was evaluated using infrared spectroscopy. Equilibrium isotherms are analyzed using the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption capacity of the studied adsorbents based on pomegranate peel, taking into account the availability and prevalence, makes their use promising in water treatment systems.
Key words: pomegranate, raw and modified peel, phenol, furfural, adsorption, wastewater.
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PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL TAJIKISTAN
Sattorov B. N.
Senior Lecturer, Tajik State Pedagogical University named after S. Aini, Tajikistan, Dushanbe,
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Partoev Kurbonali
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Tajikistan, Dushanbe,
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Kubarev E. N.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, Moscow,
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Kibalnik O. P.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Russian Research, Design and Process Institute of Sorghum and Corn, Russia, Saratov,
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Varieties of sweet sorghum (Izolda, Sevilla, Scheherazade and Volzhskoye 51) were studied in the conditions of Tajikistan, which grow well and, depending on their genetic characteristics, have different indicators of morphological and economically valuable traits. The Sevilla variety has the shortest growing season (106 days), 2–8 days shorter compared to other varieties. In case of spring sowing, variety Volzhskoe 51 significantly exceeds the indicators of other varieties of sweet sorghum in terms of the mass of stems and leaves, seed yield and total biological mass. Sorghum Scheherazade provides a good yield of green mass and seeds when cut in mid-summer from the aftermath of the first cut (from the secondary regrowth of plants). In case of summer sowing of sweet sorghum varieties in the period July–November, all varieties grow and develop well, provide a full crop of green mass and grain by the end of autumn. The combined sowing of sugar sorghum varieties with beans in summer improves the fodder value of green mass, increases soil fertility and contributes to obtaining up to 800 kg/ha of beans.
Key words: sorghum, variety, morphological traits, economically useful traits, spring sowing, summer sowing, productivity, Tajikistan.
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ON SOIL SAFETY ASSESSMENT DURING HERBICIDES APPLICATION
Gromova I. P.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after. F. F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor, Russia, Mytishchi,
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The range of pesticides is constantly being improved and replenished with new highly effective preparations, which makes it necessary to study the characteristics of their behavior in the soil for the purpose of hygienic regulation. The protection of soils from herbicide contamination and the restoration of fertility already contaminated with toxicants requires knowledge of the main aspects of their chemical composition, the nature of the effect on plants, the degree and duration of toxicity, etc. The speed and efficiency of soil self-purification depend on these properties of the preparations. In this regard, ecological and sanitary-hygienic scientific research aimed at diagnosing the biological state of soils and hygienic regulation of herbicides with high persistence and/or mobility in the soil at acceptable levels is still relevant. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the ability of the soil to recover when using preparations based on the active ingredients of imazapyr and toprameson on crops of sunflower and corn hybrids. The data obtained indicate that free-living bacteria of nitrogen fixation and transformation in the soil are highly sensitive to the pesticide load. The chemicals of the studied pesticides have a short-term multidirectional effect on the process of nitrite formation.
Key words: soil, herbicides, imazapyr, topramesone, biological assessment, safety.
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Biodiversity and Bioresources
GEOECOLOGICAL PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE IN THE AZOV-BLACK SEA BASIN
Chuprina E. V.
PhD (Geogr. Sci.), Researcher, Institute of Water Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Moscow
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Russia has the world's largest water fund of inland and marine water bodies. Conducting fishery activities in water bodies is the most important direction in the exploitation of biological resources formed under the influence of natural, climatic and anthropogenic factors. Marine aquaculture is an important area for solving the problems of seafood production in the context of import substitution. The Azov-Black Sea basin, both in terms of the length of the coastline, and in terms of climatic and hydrological parameters, is in an advantageous position compared to other Russian seas. A variety of environmental conditions determines a wide range of hydrobiont species for possible breeding. The most promising in this region is the development of mussel and oyster farms and the cultivation of valuable fish products, in particular, sturgeon and salmon. Due to the ecological conditions of the region, among which the favorable temperature regime is the most important, technologies for cage rearing of salmon and mullet have great potential. The limiting factors are storms in the absence of natural protected marine areas, which necessitates innovative cage aquaculture technologies. In addition to obtaining marketable products, increasing the diversity of hydrobionts plays an important role in maintaining the environmental sustainability of marine ecosystems. The successful development of mariculture in the region can be facilitated by the recognition by the state of its importance for the economy. This requires the implementation of a favorable legislative, investment and tax policy that contributes to the creation of a material and technical base for the production of aquatic organisms.
Key words: aquaculture, mariculture, the Azov-Black Sea basin, factors of breeding species of hybrobionts, mussels, salmon, red-finned mullet, dorado, sea bass.
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MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MYCELIUM GROWTH AND FRUIT-BEARING OF SOME STRAINS OF PLEUROTUS SPP.
Kovalenko S. A.
PhD (Agric. Sci.), Head, Sector of Food and Medicinal Forest Resources, State Scientific Institution “Forest Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus”, Belarus, Gomel,
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Velyugina A. S.
Graduate student, Gomel State University named after F. Skorina, Belarus, Gomel,
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The article presents the results of a study of the morphological and cultural characteristics of the growth of strains of
Pleurotus spp. on wort-agar nutrient medium and on plant substrates in laboratory and production conditions. Strain differences in vegetative growth and fruiting of
Pleurotus spp. from the collection of fungal strains of the State Scientific Institution "Forest Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus" (FIB) on the studied substrates. On the triticale straw substrate, FIB-186 (HK-35) and FIB-453 (HK-35) excelled in productivity and biological effectiveness of the first wave, the yield was 13.89 and 13.57%, respectively. Strains FIB-462 (hybrid
P. ostreatus x
floridanus), FIB-476 (Chinese black) and FIB-186 were distinguished on the substrate from rye straw according to the productivity of the druses of the first wave, they also had a higher yield - 14.37, 13.39 and 12.58% respectively. A marketable crop of the best quality was noted in strain 459 (VL). The results of the production test showed a high yield of fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom grown on wheat straw under the conditions of the mushroom division of Alexandriiskoye JSC (Mogilev region, Shklovsky district, Aleksandriya agricultural town): the productivity of strains FIB-462 and FIB-476 for two fruiting waves was 381.9 and 365.0 kg/t of substrate, which is higher compared to the control (FIB-186) by 22.8 and 17.3%, respectively. Strains FIB-186, FIB-453, FIB-459, FIB-462 and FIB-476 are recommended for industrial cultivation,
Key words: Рleurotus ostreatus, P. ostreatus х floridanus, vegetative growth, growth coefficient, substrate, fruiting, productivity.
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ON THE STEPPE COMMUNITIES OF THE STAVROPOL UPLAND (NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS)
Shumkova O. A.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Chief Specialist of the Department of Scientific Research and Ecological Programs, NIIPiEE FSBEI HE Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Krivorotov S. B.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Gaidai A. A.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Head of the Department of Scientific Research and Ecological Programs, NIIPiEE FSBEI HE Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar,
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As a result of many years of geobotanical research carried out on the spurs of the Stavropol Upland within the Uspensky district of the Krasnodar Territory, steppe communities in need of protection have been identified. The studies were carried out by the route method according to generally accepted methods, a herbarium was collected and a floristic list of plants was compiled. As part of plant communities, 39 species of protected plants were identified, among which species (65%) of category 3 (vulnerable) predominate. The high sozological significance of steppe vegetation communities, in particular, their important environmental role, has been proved. The remains of steppe communities in the Krasnodar Territory are subject to anthropogenic impact: plowing, haymaking and grazing, burning of herbaceous vegetation, recreation, construction, destruction of flowering plants (collection for bouquets), use of plants as medicinal raw materials, etc. It is necessary to implement measures to preserve the steppes region. The uniqueness of the plant communities of the recreational zone, the validity of the creation and implementation of conservation measures on the territory of the created PA "Uspensky Salt Lakes" are emphasized.
Key words: steppe plant communities, specially protected natural area, protected species, Red Book, Uspensky District, the Stavropol Upland.
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RARE AND DISAPPEARING SPECIES OF PLANTS OF THE OTRADNENSKY DISTRICT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION AND THEIR PROTECTION
Nagalevsky M. V.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Head. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Bukareva O. V.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor Plant Biology and Ecology, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Keropyan A. A.
Student, Faculty of Biology, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Preservation of the species diversity of rare and endangered plant species is an urgent problem of nature protection. The information component in the form of the Red Books of regional and global significance (IUCN) is of great importance for solving this problem. An expansion of the list of protected plants and an increase in the status of vulnerability due to anthropogenic impact have been noted. The article presents data from a comprehensive study of protected plant species growing on the territory of the Otradnensky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Geobotanical analysis was carried out by route and stationary research methods with the maximum coverage of the diversity of phytocenoses and flora. As a result of the study, a systematic list of flora was compiled, numbering 26 species from 24 genera, 15 families, 15 orders and 2 classes. The data of taxonomic, bioecological, geographical and sozological analyzes are given, as well as the results of phenological observations. Perennial grasses predominate among life forms, heliophytes and xerophytes predominate among ecomorphs. Geographical analysis showed a rather high degree of endemism of the protected flora. Species with the longest period of mass flowering have been identified. In studying the characteristics of plant biology and ecology, the systems of N. N. Portenier, I. G. Serebryakov, S. V. Saxonov, and G. S. Rozenberg were used.
Key words: protected species, plants, Red Book, taxonomic analysis, life form analysis, ecological analysis, geographical analysis, phenology, sozological analysis.
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Monitoring of ecological systems
MONITORING OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STRUCTURE OF POPULATION INCIDENCE IN THE NOVGOROD REGION
Gladkikh S. N.
PhD (Tech. Sci.), Novgorod State University named after Yaroslav the Wise, Veliky Novgorod, Russia,
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Semchuk N. N.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Russia, Borki village,
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The results of environmental monitoring of air pollution in the Novgorod region having a significant impact on public health are presented. The material of the study was the state of atmospheric air in the Novgorod region in 2020 and the structure of diseases of the population of the region for the period 2015–2020. according to the materials of the Federal Service of Rospotrebnadzor. The method of scientific analysis was used. More than 84% of the inhabitants of the Novgorod region live in areas with a low level of hygienic safety. In 2020, more than 63,000 tons of pollutants were released into the environment from stationary sources in the region, and more than 23,000 tons of pollutants from mobile sources. The analysis of atmospheric air pollution from 11609 stationary sources of emissions in the region was carried out. The structure and types of substances that are priority in pollution were determined: carbon oxide – 39,5 %, nitrogen oxides – 17,1 %, hydrocarbons – 13,2 %, sulfur dioxide – 7,6 %. An ecological risk assessment for the health of the inhabitants of the region is given according to laboratory data on the control of pollutants in the atmospheric air. It is shown that the sickness rate of the population is directly related to air pollution. In the structure of morbidity of the population, there is a tendency for increase of respiratory diseases.
Key words: monitoring, air pollution, morbidity structure, health risk.
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ALLELOPATIC FEATURES OF SOILS IN VERTICAL NATURAL BELTS OF THE TEBERDINSKY STATE RESERVE
Aibazova F. U.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, North Caucasian State Academy, Medical Institute, Russia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Cherkessk,
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Erkenova M. A.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Karachay-Cherkess State University. U. D. Alieva, Russia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Karachaevsk,
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The dependence of soil fertility and its toxicity on the vegetation of alpine phytocenoses has been revealed. To study the allelopathic impact, five soil samples were taken, in 5-fold repetition. The work was carried out according to the methodology developed by Doctor of Biological Sciences A.I. Ivanov (Penza State Agricultural Academy) and Doctor of Agricultural Sciences A.P. Statsenko (Penza State University) and improved by M.M. Dzhukkaev (PhD Biol.Sci). The reliability and validity of scientific provisions is based on a large amount of factual material analyzed at the modern level using statistical methods. Allelopathic activity is more characteristic of alpine lichen wastelands and alpine carpets. The toxication of these soils had a negative effect on the germination of seeds of the ryegrass cereal plant. The phytocenosis did not affect the germination of seeds of cruciferous (radish and watercress). Thus, the hypothesis proposed by us about the inhibition of the germination of cereal crops in variegated fescue meadows was not confirmed.
Key words: allelopathy, toxication, alpine carpets, variegated fescue meadows, geranium-Hedysárum grandiflórum meadows, alpine lichen wastelands.
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PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER IN THERAPEUTIC SOURCES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE STATE NATURAL PARK “KARA-SHORO”
Dzhenbaev B. M.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Institute of Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,
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Kulbaev A. Z.
Senior lecturer, Kyrgyz-Uzbek International University named after B. Sydykov, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Osh,
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Stamaliev K. Y.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Osh State University Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Osh,
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,
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Abdykaarov A. M.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Osh State University Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Osh,
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The Kara-Shoro State Natural Park (SNP) was included in the list of protected natural areas of the Kirghiz SSR back in 1966. The features of this SNP are associated with deposits of carbonic mineral waters, which are located in the most beautiful mountainous and wooded area of Kyrgyzstan along the banks of the clean Kara-Shoro River. The main composition of the flora and fauna of the SNP is presented, as well as the results of the analysis of the mineral waters of the sources and the Kara-Shoro River. Analyzes have shown that, in general, mineral waters correspond to medicinal ones, with the exception of the content of some components. Two springs have high concentrations of chlorides: No. 1 – 2774.16 ± 416.1 and No. 4 – 3691.39 ± 553.7 mg/l, which is 100 times higher than other springs in this province. Ammonia and fluorides in the first section are up to 2 times higher, and iron, compared to the accepted norm, is up to 10 times higher, which should be paid attention to when using mineral water from this site.
Key words: natural park, specially protected natural areas, mineral water, chlorides, concentration of trace elements, healing springs.
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RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AND MEADOW PLANTS OF THE FLOOD PLAIN OF THE BESED RIVER 36 YEARS AFTER THE CATASTROPH AT THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Daineko N. M.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor; Head, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Gomel State University. F. Skorina, Belarus, Gomel,
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Timofeev S. F.
PhD (Agric. Sci.), Associate Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Gomel State University. F. Skorina, Belarus, Gomel,
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After the Chernobyl disaster, the adjacent floodplain territories are not used in the systematic farming system due to radioactive contamination, which led to a change in meadow communities and disruption of natural successions. The assessment of radioactive contamination and the long-term forecast of a decrease in the specific activity of 137Cs in these ecosystems are still relevant. The article presents the results of a radiological analysis carried out in 2022, 36 years after the Chernobyl disaster, of the soil and meadow plants of the floodplain of the Besed river. Soil samples and plant samples of the aboveground plant phytomass were taken during the growing season of 2022 at the heading stage on 3 variants of meadow associations. The soil layer of 0–10 cm continues to contain from 70 to 96 % of radiocesium. In 40 % of plant samples, an excess of the permissible level of radiocesium content was noted (RDU / LTS-2004). The highest specific activity of radiocesium in the phytomass was found in Leontodon autumnalis L. – 1182 Bq/kg, and the lowest in Festuca rubra L. – 45 Bq/kg. The accumulation coefficient varied over a wide range from 0.11 to 4.19.
Key words: floodplain meadow, soil layers, meadow plants, radionuclides, 137Cs specific activity, accumulation factor.
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ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY IN RECREATIONAL TERRITORIES OF KRASNODAR ON THE BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE TERATOMORPHOLOGY OF POLLEN OF THE CAUCASIAN LINDEN
Nagalevsky M. V.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Head. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Shcherbatova A. F.
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Associate Professor, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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Goncharov A. N.
Student, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Kuban State University, Russia, Krasnodar,
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The article discusses the results of assessing the quality of the pollen of the Caucasian linden (Tilia caucasica RUPR.) in the recreational areas of Krasnodar. For the study, two parks of culture and recreation were chosen - Solnechny Ostrov and Chistyakovskaya Grove. The shape and size of pollen grains, as well as their aperture apparatus, have been studied. An analysis of the functional characteristics of pollen was carried out - a fertility test using the acetocarmine method. The pollen grain size index for the studied territories was 0.97 and 0.95, which, taking into account natural polymorphism, is the norm. Four types of teratomorphic pollen grains have been identified: apertureless, 1-furrow-oral, 2-furrow-oral, 4-furrow-oral. The degree of pollen anomaly for the Solnechny Ostrov park was 23.46 %, for the Chistyakovskaya Grove park it was 32.72 %. The degree of pollen fertility in these territories was 87.31 and 77.76 %. The state of pollen in the park culture of Krasnodar can be assessed as relatively favorable. The analysis of pollen teratomorphology in the park conditions indicates a relatively favorable state of atmospheric air in the recreational areas of Krasnodar. This method is suitable for assessing the state of the environment in all ecosystems.
Key words: Krasnodar, recreation, atmospheric air, palynology, pollen teratomorphology, pollen fertility, Caucasian linden.
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Ecological Situation in Rural Areas
RATIONAL USE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
Skirpichnikov V. S.
Postgraduate Student, Department of Physical Geography and Geomorphology, Chuvash State University I. N. Ulyanova, Russia, Republic of Chuvashia, Cheboksary,
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Nikonorova I. V.
PhD (Geogr. Sci.), Associate Professor, Chuvash State University I. N. Ulyanova, Russia, Republic of Chuvashia, Cheboksary
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The paper reveals the ways of the most rational use of agricultural landscapes of the Chuvash Republic based on the analysis and generalization of research results for the region. To determine the directions of rational nature management, it is necessary to assess the degree of stability of landscapes, a significant proportion of which has been changed as a result of anthropogenic activities and is represented mainly by agroecosystems. Factors of stability reduction and their manifestation in the form of intensive erosion and decrease in soil fertility are listed. To optimize nature management, it is proposed to develop and use a project of the ecological frame of the territory, the important elements of which should be natural landscapes in the form of specially protected natural areas and forest plantations. The importance of increasing the areas of nature protection zones, in particular, through agroforestry measures, is emphasized. In agriculture it is the use of a system of crop rotations adapted to the environmental requirements of the region and the creation of protective forest belts. The necessary measures are listed to improve the environmental situation in the republic, to improve the effectiveness of which an integrated approach is needed.
Key words: rational nature management, agrolandscape, Chuvash Republic, sustainability of agrolandscapes, agriculture.
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