NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD

Registration certificate PI № FS 77-21756 dated 30 august 2005

Theoretical journal 

 2020, Vol. 17, № 2

 Founded in 2005

Gets out four times per year 

  C O N T E N T S

UDC 631.4

DIFFERENTIAL WATER CAPACITY AND INTEGRAL ENERGY OF SOIL HYDRATION OF CHERNOZEM

Sudnitsyn I. I.
doctor of biological science, professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, GSP-2, Leninskye gory, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Experiments improve that there is exponential function between modulus of the soil water total potential (or equivalent pressure) and soil moisture content of the native modal heavy-clayey chernozem. This function is theoretically predict B. V. Deryagin. Using this function method of calculation of the differential water capacity (DWC) and integral energy of soil hydration (ESH) were created. Meanings of DWC and ESH in A horizon were lower than in C horizon. At water vapor sorption DWC and ESH are more than at desorption. The reason of this hysteresis is structure of water.

Key words: soil moisture potential, hydration, hygroscopic, water vapor sorption, desorption.

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UDC 631.41

EVALUATION OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF SOILS OF THE TRANS–URALS REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN UNDER DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT

Ilbulova G. R.
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher; Institute of Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan Sibay branch, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Suyundukov Y. T.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Director; Institute of Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan Sibay branch, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Safin K. M.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan; Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Khasanova R. F.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher; Institute of Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay Branch, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Semyonova I. N.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher; Institute of Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay Branch, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay, alexa– This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Suyundukova M. B.
Scientific Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Senior Researcher; Institute of Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay Branch, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The study of the enzymatic activity of the soils of the Trans–Ural region of the Republic of Bashkortostan under different systems of its processing was carried out. On the example of the SEC "Krasnaya Bashkiria" of the Abzelilovsky district, the influence of 10–year application of direct seeding technology on the biological activity of soils in comparison with traditional land cultivation is shown. The use of No-till technology has led to increased urease activity, as an indicator of self–purification ability of soil chemical and bacterial pollution; increase the activity of acid and neutral phosphatase, and invertase and dehydrogenase.

Key words: enzymatic activity, No-till technology, soil treatment technologies.

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UDC 633.2/.4.003:631.152

BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF FEEDING PERENNIAL GRASSES ON LIGHT SOILS OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE

Barinov V. N.
candidat of Agricultural Sciences Sci., All-Russian Research Institute of Organic Fertilizers and Peat – Branch of the Verkhnevolzhsky FANTS, Russia, Vladimir region, Sudogodsky district, Vyatkino
Novikov M. N.
doctor of Agricultural Sciences Sci., All-Russian Research Institute of Organic Fertilizers and Peat – Branch of the Verkhnevolzhsky FANTS, Russia, Vladimir region, Sudogodsky district, Vyatkino village, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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In studies on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the experimental field of Wildebeest VNIIOU during 2009–2014. The possibility of using the nitrogen of annual legumes for nitrogen fertilizing of perennial grasses (a mixture of clover and timothy) by using them as cover crops has been established. By increasing the content of assimilable forms of nitrogen and other nutrients in the soil, they had a positive effect on the development of grasses in the autumn and spring periods, the formation of their root system and biomass during the growing season, on increasing the accumulation of nutrients in it, feed units, protein yield with the crop, and increasing the economic efficiency of grass cultivation.

Key words: perennial grasses – clover with timothy, cover legumes, biological nitrogen, mineral nitrogen of the soil, yield, crop quality, economic efficiency.

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UDC 631.879

ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF ORGANOMINERAL COMPOST FOR THE BIOPRODUCTIVITY OF AGROLANDSCAPE

Antonenko D. A.
candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Melnik O. A.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of higher attestation commission, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Nikiforenko Yu. Yu.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Results of assessing the productivity of grain corn using various forms and doses of fertilizers are presented at article. The positive effect of organic-mineral compost, made up of animal and chemical wastes, on the yield of corn and the biochemical composition of grain was revealed. Moreover, the application of this fertilizer in the amount of 20 t / ha had practically no effect, and the results of calculating the yield of corn were equivalent to the control. Whereas an increase in the compost dose to 40 t / ha contributes to an increase in productivity by 7.5 and 14.4 c / ha in comparison with the control and mineral fertilizers.

Key words: agricultural landscape, corn for grain, productivity, corn cobs, grain weight, yield, grain quality, protein, starch and fat content.

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UDC 579.61:582.284:631.8

ANTIMICROBIAL AND FUNGICIDAL PROPERTIES OF XYLOTROPHIC BASIDIOMYCETES, CULTIVATED ON ORGANIC SUBSTRATES WITH ADDITION OF MICROFERTILIZERS

Degtyareva E. I.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Gomel State Medical University, Belarus, Gomel, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Kovalenko S. A.
candidate of agricultural sciences, State Scientific Institution «Forest Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus», Belarus, Gomel, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Fungicidal activity of acetone extracts of Ganoderma lucidum cultured on substrate blocks with microfertilizers has increased by 8 times, Hericium erinaceus – by 4 times. The antimicrobial properties of acetone extracts from the fruit bodies of G. lucidum are higher than those of alcohol extracts. It was found that alcohol extracts from the fruit bodies of H. erinaceus don't have antibacterial properties, but they have a pronounced fungicidal activity against the test cultures of Candida parapsilosis and C. albicans ATCC 10231. The impact of microfertilizers on the fungicidal properties of H. erinaceus alcohol extracts was not observed.

Key words: xylotrophic basidiomycetes, microfertilizer "Nanoplant", acetone extract, alcohol extract, fungicidal activity, antibacterial properties.

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UDC 579.695; 546.85; 502.55; 661.63

THE EFFECT OF WHITE PHOSPHORUS ON THE ASPERGILLUS NIGER AM1 AND AM2 SURVIVAL. GLYPHOSATE BIODEGRADATION

Mindubaev A. Z.
PhD in Chemistry, Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Babynin E. V.
candidate of biological sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
Daminova A. G.
candidate of biological sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan

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The ability of microorganisms to easily adapt to their surrounding conditions and form specific ecosystems that exist in the most extreme environments is well known. White phosphorus is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants, it is nevertheless widely used in various industries and for military purposes. The release of the investigated toxicant into the environment presents a serious concern. In our work, microbial cultures adapted to the presence of white phosphorus in the medium, oxidized it to phosphate, and used it as a source of a biogenic macroelement. In previous studies, we demonstrated for the first time the biodegradation of white phosphorus by the molds Aspergillus niger. However, studying the mechanisms of resistance of the fungus to such a toxic substance is essential. There may be several such mechanisms, of which three are most likely. It was shown that white phosphorus has little effect on the ratio of living and dead cells in the colonies of fungi, i.e. resistance to it is very high. It became clear that Aspergillus niger AM1 demonstrates the ability to utilize glyphosate herbicide. This gives our study a weighty practical significance.

Key words: biodegradation, white phosphorus, confocal microscopy, Aspergillus niger, glyphosate.

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UDC 628.32

CONTROL OF RETURN FLOWS OF SLUDGE WATER FROM SEDIMENT DEHYDRATION STRUCTURES

Novikova O. K.
Ph. D. of technical, Associate Professor, Belarusian State University of Transport, Republic of Belarus, Gomel, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The work is devoted to the study of the effect of return flows of sludge water after mechanical dehydration on the change in load on biological treatment facilities. Recommendations have been developed for reducing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sludge water supplied for treatment. A technological scheme for the purification of sludge water has been developed, in which a decrease in the nitrogen content is provided by the processing of fermented sludge in an aerated bioreactor, and a decrease in the content of phosphorus is provided by reagent treatment of sludge water.

Key words: sludge water, sediment cleaning, nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

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UDC 502.3/504.06

THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE AS ADSORBENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM DICLOPHENAC

Torosyan G. O.
Dr. chem. sciences, prof., State Engineering University of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Martirosyan M. V.
master's student of the Department of General Chemistry and Chemical Technologies of the State Engineering University of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan
Aleksanyan H. O.
senior Expert of the Department of Forensic Biological and Narcotic Examinations at the “Expert Center of the RA” SNCO under the Ministry of Justice of the RA, postgraduate student of the Department of General Chemistry and Chemical Technologies of the State Engineering University of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan

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The article presents the results of studies on obtaining adsorbents from pomegranate peels and date seeds for their further use as adsorbents for the removal of drugs from wastewater. The results of obtaining target sorbents with the use of an additional activator – phosphoric acid are given. It has been shown that modified (treated with phosphoric acid) pomegranate peel shows adsorptive activity in removal of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, from aqueous solution. A comparative study showed that the sample treated with phosphoric acid shows higher adsorption capacity compared to the unmodified counterpart. And the adsorption capacity of AU obtained from date seed is the highest. The economic and technical feasibility of using such sorbents in practice is established. The data about equilibrium are interpreted by the model of Langmuir isotherm.Sorption activity was established by comparison of the received results with theoretical provisions of the Langmuir theory.

Key words: waste water, diclofenac, agricultural waste, sorbents, sorbent modification, Langmuir model.

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UDC 63.632. 122

CONTAMINATION OF THE SOIL COVER WITH HYDROCARBONS

Teuchezh A. A.
candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Knyazeva T. V.
candidate of Agricultural Sciences, аssociate professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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This article analyzes the results of soil systems conducted in the Crimean region for the degree of hydrocarbon contamination. According to the strength of the negative impact on the environment, the dominant position is occupied by industrial soil pollution. Soil is an important indicator of the state of the environment. Exceeding the permissible norms, and carried out with violations of the chemical load in the form of applying mineral fertilizers to the soil, is expressed in the quality and quantity of the resulting crop. Oil pollution is relevant for the Kuban, as an oil-producing region. The main source of pollution is human activity. The concentration of oil pollutants in different types of soils is not the same, and therefore the accumulation of petroleum products in soils that differ in mechanical composition and humus content varies very significantly. Of particular interest are the data on the content of petroleum products in the soils of various landscapes. The highest rate of accumulation of petroleum products in the summer period is allocated to the soils of technogenic reclaimed. According to the degree of contamination with petroleum products, the soils of the district are mainly poorly polluted, because the content of petroleum products does not exceed the MPC, although they are generally higher than the natural background. There are several points with a maximum permissible concentration exceeding 10 times, this is the territory of the Afip reservoir, where the oil content in the substrate has a very high value-775.0 mg/kg – these soils are classified as highly polluted.

Key words: petroleum products, pollutants, soil systems, landscapes, maximum permissible concentrations/

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UDC 91(479.24) 574.583 (28)

ZOOPLANKTON OF THE POOLS IN THE MINGACHEVIR SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH STATION

Taptigova K. A.
doctor of philosophy in biology, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Hydrobiology Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan, Baku, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Mammedov K. İ.
Researcher, Mingechevir Scientific Experimental Station, Azerbaijan, Mingechevir, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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In paper describe an information about the species and quantity composition, the distribution, development dynamics according seasons, dominant species of the zooplankton in the pools in the Mingachevir scientific-practical station in 2018–2019 years. As a result of the scientefic research were found 31 species of zooplankton in the pools, 9 of them belong to rotifers (C. exigua, S. pectinata, P. vulgaris, A. priodonta, B. falcatus, B. calyciflorus, K. cochlearis, K. quadrata, F. longiseta), 9 species + 1subspecies (D. longispina, D. l. hyalina, S. vetulus, M. brachiata C. affinis, S. mucronata, M. hirsuticornis, Ch. sphaericus, A. rectangula, B. longirostris) belong to cladocera, 12 of them (C aquae-dulcis, A. acutulus, M. asiaticus, M. albidus, E. serrulatus, E. speratus, P. fimbriatus, A. viridis, D. bisetosus, M. bicolor, M. leuckarti, T. dybowskii) belong to copepoda.

Key words: Mingachevir scientific-research station, zooplankton, species and quantity composition, dominant species.

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UDC 630.181.351

RESERVATION OF NATURAL GROWTH OF FRUIT BIRDS IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

Fisun M. N.
dr. agricultural sciences, prof., FGBOO VO «Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V. M. Kokova»; Elbrus National Park, Russia, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Nalchik
Baydaeva Z. R.
Deputy, Director for Science, Elbrus National Park, Russia, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Nalchik
Dolgiev M. R.
head agrochemical laboratory, Ingush State University, Russia, Republic of Ingushetia, Magas

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The presence of specimens (clones) with economically valuable traits in natural thickets of fruit wild plants is an important factor in their preservation and subsequent use in the breeding process, harvesting and processing of fruits. Organization of reservations with a high specific saturation of thickets with clones, contributes to the preservation of valuable pheno- and genotypes, improvement of the landscapes of mountainous territories, an increase in fruit-growing products, including those with valuable economic properties; development of local tourism and recreation industries.

Key words. Fruit wild plants; mountain landscapes; thicket reservations; an abundance of clones.

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UDC 630:574(470.620)

ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PROTECTIVE FORESTS OF APSHERONSK FORESTRY OF KRASNODAR REGION

Shumkova O. A.
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Chief Specialist of the Department of Scientific Research and Environmental Programs, Research Institute of Applied and Experimental Ecology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Krivorotov S. B.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Botany and General Ecology, Professor of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, Krasnodar, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Bobyleva S. V.
Lecturer, "Apsheronsk Forestry Technical School", Russia, Apsheronsk

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The article examines the ecological problems of the protective forests of the Apsheronsk forestry located in the territories of the municipalities of the Apsheronsk district of the city of Goryachy Klyuch, Krasnodar Territory. The categories of protective forests of the Apsheronsk forestry are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the influence of anthropogenic factors on the studied forest communities and the ecological consequences of this influence. The species of protected plants, the populations of which have been identified in the territories of the divisional forestries of the Apsheronsk forestry, are indicated.

Key words: Apsheronsk forestry, district forestry, categories of protective forests, environmental problems, protected plant species

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UDC 631.147

SOME CONSIDERATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ON ORGANIC FARMING (WELL FORGOTTEN OLD TECHNIQUES OF AGRO ENGINEERING)

Palekh V. V.
LLC "Gumiland", Republic of Belarus, Minsk region, Smolevichi district, village Anoshki, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The article provides an overview of the main methods of natural (organic) agriculture, which were common in peasant farms – the introduction of organic matter into the soil based on animal waste, shallow plowing, which allows to reduce the number of weeds, preserve the valuable soil microbiocenosis and not disturb the soil inhabitants, etc. The transition to expanded agricultural production required its intensification and chemicalization, which made it possible to quickly get returns from large acreage. The consequences of this attitude to the land were not slow to affect and led to a steady decline in soil fertility and environmental pollution, and the yield of agricultural crops reached its limit. There are all the signs of an impending environmental disaster. A return to the old peasant agricultural techniques will help restore soil fertility, restore its ecological functions and increase productivity. An obstacle is the stereotypes that have developed in society and in agricultural science. The author gives a number of calculations showing the effectiveness of the use of organic compost from animal waste. The author pays special attention to the prospects of using liquid humic fertilizers with the use of vermicultivation technology. The author has a patent for the production of ZHF and invites investors to cooperate. The article provides examples of field tests in the practice of crop production in specific small and large farms, which show high profitability of the use of ZHF, including increasing the yield of vegetable, fodder and grain crops. The article shows the scheme of the agro-industrial complex for the production of environmentally friendly products with a closed production cycle.

Key words: organic farming, manure, yield, vermicultivation, biohumus, liquid humic fertilizers, environmentally friendly products.

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A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE MATERIALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIEN-TIFIC ECOLOGICAL CONFERENCE «PROBLEMS OF TRANSFORMATION OF NATURAL LAND-SCAPES AS A RESULT OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM»

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OUR LOSSES

MUSTAFAEV BOLATZHAN ABDYKANOVICH (1940–2021)

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