• Print

THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021

Scientific and Theoretical Journal

2024, Vol. 20, № 4 

Founded in 2005

Published quarterly

 C O N T E N T S

 Applied Ecology

INFLUENCE OF REDUCED HERBICIDE RATES ON THE NUMBER OF WEEDS AND SUGAR BEET YIELD IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

O.V. Gamuyev, O.A. Minakova, V.M. Vilkov
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar named after A.L. Mazlumov», Russia, Voronezh region, Ramon

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Protection of sugar beet as a row crop from weeds is a necessary link in the technology of its cultivation. Reduction of herbicide rates can not only reduce the pesticide press on agrocenoses, but also ensure obtaining high crop yields. The field experiment was laid down in grain beet crop rotation under the condi-tions of the Central Chernozem Region. Variants were studied both with a full rates of herbicides of the anti-diocotyledonous and anti-cereal spectrum of action, and with their reduction by 10-30% both in combination with Caribu and Goltix; the control was the variant without herbicides. The combined use of reduced rates of herbicides in combination with Caribu and Goltix, as well as the adhesive Stick can ensure a high percentage of death of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds in RMS 127 hybrid of sugar beet, as well as to obtain a yield of root crops at the level of or higher than the full rate of herbicides without reducing the sugar content. For effective protection of sugar beet from weeds, we recommend using rates of Lontrel, betanals and anti-cereal herbicides reduced by 10% of the recommended norm in combination with both Caribu and Goltix, as well as with the adhesive Stick.

Keywords: herbicides, sugar beet, weeds, biological efficiency, sugar content, yield

Скачать статью

WINTER WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT DEPENDING ON THE MINERAL FERTILIZERS RATE IN THE WESTERN CISCAUCASIA

A.S. Berezneva, T.V. Knyazeva, N.V. Shvydkaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. In modern agriculture, the use of mineral fertilizers is an essential condition for increasing the yield and quality of agricultural products. However, it is important to understand how fertilizers affect grain quality, especially in the context of food safety. A research conducted in the Krasnodar Territory was devoted to studying the relationship between the doses of applied mineral fertilizers and the quality of winter wheat grain. During the field stationary experiment, the content of protein, gluten and heavy metals in grain at different rates of fertilizers was determined. The results of the study confirmed a close relationship between mineral fertilizers and grain quality indicators, which is confirmed by the correlation coefficient of 0.94. This means that an increase in the protein content in grain is usually accompanied by an increase in the gluten content, which is a desirable result for the production of high-quality flour, and the vitreousness of the grain at a higher density and the starch content contribute to improved baking properties. The content of heavy metals is an important aspect in terms of food safety. The study showed that the grain samples obtained during the experiment did not contain any excess of heavy metals permissible for adults. However, for children's nutrition, it is recommended to use grain grown with moderate rates of fertilizers. Children are more sensitive to toxic substances, so it is necessary to minimize the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in the body.

Keywords: winter wheat, heavy metals, grain quality, gluten, protein

Скачать статью

INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ON PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND NODULE DEVELOPMENT IN ALFALFA CROPS IN KRASNODAR REGION

T.Ya. Brovkina, I.S. Sysenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Alfalfa is a leading forage crop and an important green manure of perennial leguminous grasses. The formation of the yield of green mass of alfalfa, which is determined by the optimal combination of agricultural technology factors, soil cultivation, mineral fertilizer rates, the use of the most effective plant protection products against weeds, pests and diseases under conditions of a stationary experiment in a grain-grass-row crop rotation, was studied. It was found that with the growth of intensive technology factors, the yield of green mass significantly increased by 9.9-21.6% compared to the control. It was noted that the intensification of agricultural technologies led to a decrease in the number and weight of both living and dead nodules on the roots in all cuttings. It was shown that the biological productivity of the crop can be increased by improving the technological methods of cultivation.

Keywords: alfalfa, agricultural technology, plant height, foliage, green mass yield, root nodules

Скачать статью

BIODEGRADATION AS A METHOD OF PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH

A.Z. Mindubaev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan National Research Technological University», Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article briefly but thoroughly describes biodegradation, a natural process of neutralization of toxic substances entering the biosphere, with the help of reducing organisms. Nowadays, the problem of industrial waste, garbage storage, municipal and industrial landfills is becoming increasingly acute. Consequently, the development of methods for neutralizing compounds created artificially by man is becoming increasingly relevant. One of such methods is biodegradation. Microorganisms neutralize substances of almost any structure and composition, any hazard class, and only a microbial community is capable of truly effectively decomposing chemical plant waste, which is a complex mixture of various substances. Of course, many xenobiotics can decompose in nature purely chemically. This is the so-called «abiotic decomposition». However, living cells, armed with powerful enzyme systems and forming specific environmental conditions, can accelerate decomposition by several orders of magnitude.

Keywords: biodegradation, metabolism, microorganisms, environment

Скачать статью

ASSESSMENT OF THE SUITABILITY OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER AND ITS SEDIMENT FOR USE IN GREEN CONSTRUCTION

Rybin R.N.1, Elshaeva I.V.2, Titova V.I.3
1Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for Animal Health», Russia, Vladimir
2Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for Animal Health», Russia, St. Petersburg
3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University named after L.Y. Florentyev», Russia, Nizhny Novgorod

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The study was conducted in 2023–2024 in a private rural home to study the composition of conditionally clean wastewater and sludge as a result of the operation of a local biological treatment plant for domestic wastewater. The objective of the study also included assessing the effect of sludge on the sanitary-hygienic and sanitary-bacteriological characteristics of the soil on the site, where sludge was added at a rate of 40 t/ha when laying the lawn in May 2023. The soil of the site is light gray forest loamy soil with a low level of fertility. It was found that conditionally clean wastewater complies with the standards in terms of sanitary-bacteriological indicators and the content of biogenic elements and can be used to water the green spaces around the house. The sludge sediment meets the requirements of the relevant GOSTs in terms of the controlled indicators of chemical, sanitary-hygienic and sanitary-bacteriological conditions, and can be used in landscaping, when laying flower beds and when preparing a substrate for growing seedlings of vegetable and flower crops. The introduction of sludge sediment into the soil when laying a lawn led to a deterioration in the sanitary-bacteriological characteristics of the soil according to the index of sanitary-indicative microorganisms, which characterizes it as a moderately dangerous environment for living organisms. When the soil with sludge sediment complies with the requirements of the standards for the content of gross forms of heavy metals, an increase in their concentration in the soil of the fertilized area was noted in comparison with the unfertilized soil by 44 % for copper and by 29 % for zinc.

Keywords: private household in rural areas, wastewater, sludge, sanitary-bacteriological and sanitary-hygienic assessment, heavy metals

Скачать статью

Biodiversity and Bioresources

ON GROUND BEETLES OF THE GENUS CARABUS (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) OF THE CAUCASUS STATE NATURAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE NAMED AFTER H.G. SHAPOSHNIKOV

1Y.P. Atrokhina, 2D.D. Fominykh, 1A.S. Zamotajlov
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University», Russia, Krasnodar
2Kuban Branch of Russian Entomological Society, Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Ground beetles are one of the most numerous and species-rich groups of insects in almost every terrestrial biocenosis. Monitoring their distribution is important because the ecological characteristics of species are transformed following climate change. Material was collected using Barber soil traps, as well as by searching and manual collection. The results of studies of Carabus species carried out in 2023 in 8 localities in the Caucasus State Reserve are presented. Twelve species were identified, their distribution both in the Reserve and outside it was clarified, and some ecological peculiarities were specified. 5 species of listed were included in the federal and/or regional Red Data Books. The studies confirmed the high ecological plasticity and polymorphism of ground beetles, which allows them to develop new habitats, in particular, to penetrate from zonal-meadow forest communities into the subnival zone.

Keywords: Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae), genus Carabus, Caucasus State Reserve, species diversity, ecological features

Скачать статью

CONSORT RELATIONS OF DOMINANT SPECIES OF THE GENUS HARPALUS IN AGROCENOSES OF THE SLAVYANSKIY DISTRICT OF KRASNODAR REGION

1V.Yu. Serdyuk, 2A.S. Zamotajlov, 2A.I. Belyi
1LLC «Kuban Research Center "Wildlife of the Caucasus"»
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Ground beetles can act both as agricultural pests and as entomophages, so it is necessary to study the species composition of ground beetles and the dynamics of their populations. Collection of material for the study of the entomofauna was carried out for 7 years during the activity of insects, using traditional methods of collecting and fixing the material. A brief description of some aspects of the biology and ecology of the species of ground beetles of the genus Harpalus: H. rufipes, H. tardus, H. affinis and H. distinguendus, found in agrocenoses, is given, indicating their harmfulness. Their consort relationships in agrocenoses of the Slavyanskiy district of the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of the estuary-flooded natural complex of the North-West Caucasus in the predator-crop-pests system are established. Life forms and ecological features of the species are determined.

Keywords: ground beetles (Harpalus), agrolandscape, consort relationships, pests of agricultural crops, estuary-flooded complex, Krasnodar region, Slavyanskiy district 

Скачать статью

MODELLING THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE CAUCASIAN RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS MARAL OGILBY, 1840) IN THE UTRISH NATURE RESERVE (NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS)

O.N. Bykhalova, A.N. Kudaktin, I.V. Markin, N.A. Galkin, E.S. Shchelkanova
1Federal State Budgetary Institution «State Nature Reserve «Utrish», Russia, Anapa
2Federal State Budgetary Institution «Caucasian Nature Biosphere Reserve named after Kh.G. Shaposhnikov, Russia, Sochi
3Federal State Autonomous Institution «Military Innovative Technopolis «ERA» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Russia, Anapa

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The red deer is a vulnerable endemic subspecies, the population of which largely depends on natural and climatic conditions and many anthropogenic factors. An isolated small West Caucasian population lives in the Utrish State Nature Reserve. Based on retrospective data on the number of red deer and according to the data of winter route censuses in the Utrish Reserve, a mathematical model predicting the population dynamics was built. The most significant indicators of weather conditions (average monthly air temperature, precipitation) and their impact on the number of red deer on the Abrau Peninsula were identified. Recommendations are given for creating favorable conditions for the conservation and restoration of the Caucasian red deer population. The forecast values of the deer population for 2024 are given, according to which its decrease is expected.

Keywords: Caucasian red deer, population, population dynamics, Utrish Nature Reserve, North-Western Caucasus

Скачать статью

NEW COLONY AND THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE POPULATION OF GYPS FULVUS (HABLIZL, 1783) IN THE WESTERN CAUCASUS

A.G. Perevozov
Federal State Budgetary Institution «Caucasian State Nature Biosphere Reserve named after H.G. Shaposhnikov», Russia, Sochi

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The griffon vulture is a rare species listed in the Red Book of Russia. This bird of prey from the Accipitridae family nests in colonies on hard-to-reach cliffs. The main colonies in the Western Caucasus have been monitored since the mid-1980s, but there are settlements about which there has been no information since the end of the last century. In 2014–2024, colonies were surveyed from the Lagonaki Highlands to Akhmet-Skala. A new colony was found in the upper reaches of the Tsitse River (7 pairs). Up-to-date information was obtained on the number of known colonies on Akhmet-Skala (26 pairs), in the upper reaches of the Kurdzhips River (1–2 pairs), on the Slesarnya and Afonka cliffs (5–7 pairs), and the lower reaches of the Urushten River (1 pair). A total of 39 active nests were found, and the number of the reproductive part of the population is es-timated at 45–50 pairs. To preserve the species, it is necessary to organize natural monuments and feeding are-as on the site of the colonies, as well as to develop educational tourism.

Keywords: Caucasus, birds of prey, griffon vulture, Gyps fulvus, avifauna, Red Book, monitoring

Скачать статью

ECOLOGICAL AND FAUNISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMON JACKAL (CANIS AUREUS L., 1758) HELMINTH COMMUNITIES IN THE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTHWESTERN CAUCASUS

G.S. Itin1, S.F.T. Al-Dulaimi2, G.K. Plotnikov2
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The species structure and trophic mechanisms of formation of jackal helminth communities in the ecosystems of the North-West Caucasus were studied. During the period from 2020 to 2024, 51 jackal carcasses obtained in the landscape-geographical zones of the region were examined. 24 species of parasitic worms were found in the examined jackals (flooded zone - 17, foothill - 18, mountain - 17 species). High rates of extensiveness of helminth invasion were recorded: Mesocestoides lineatus, Toxascaris leonina, Taenia crassiceps, Uncinaria stenocephala Toxocara canis. Infracommunities of parasitic worms from two to 6 species were identified in the jackal helminthocenosis. The biocenotic mechanism of formation of jackal helminth communities is determined by the species structure of trophic-epizootic chains

Keywords: jackal, North-West Caucasus, helminth communities, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, trophic-epizootic chains

Скачать статью

BIORESOURCE POTENTIAL OF PHACELIA IN AGROCENOSES OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

E.V. Panin, E.A. Vysotskaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian Univer-sity named after Emperor Peter I», Russia, Voronezh

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. is a crop of complex importance in agricultural production, since phacelia is a valuable green manure and forage crop, it is used as an excellent honey plant, and also as an or-namental one. The study of the bioresource potential of such crops is a topical issue. The biological resource of phacelia was determined within the Central Chernozem Region (Kashirsky District, Voronezh Region). The morphobiological features of the Natalia and Uslada Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. varieties in the agrophytocenoses of the farm were studied. The stages of growth and development of phacelia were studied in detail with the aim of its subsequent introduction into the crop rotation of the farm. The analysis of nectar and honey productivity of the varieties was carried out. The results of the study showed that the studied va-rieties are adapted to the soil and environmental conditions of the Central Chernozem Region and provide good indicators of biological productivity. Since the varieties have different flowering periods, their combined sowing can be used to increase the flowering time, thereby increasing honey productivity. The variant in which the combination of the Uslada and Natalia varieties was studied showed a reliable increase in the yield of green mass, plant seeds, as well as nectar and honey productivity. The use of Phacelia tanacetifolia in crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region leads to an increase in the overall biological productivity of agrophytocenoses.

Keywords: Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Natalia and Uslada varieties, morphological indicators, nectar content, honey productivity

Скачать статью

NEW VARIETY OF FESTULOLIUM FOR THE KALININGRAD REGION

A.G. Krasnoperov, V.A. Zarudnyj, M.A. Pjatakov, V.M. Kosolapov, Y.V. Boltrushevich, S.I. Kostenko, I.V. Khusainova
1Kaliningrad Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institu-tion «FSC Russian national Institute of feed named after V.R. Williams», Russia, Kaliningrad region
2Federal State Budgetary Institution «FSC Russian national Institute of feed named after V.R. Williams», Russia, Moscow region
3Kaliningrad branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Russia, Kaliningrad region, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The efficiency of cultivation of the new hybrid festulolium variety Kaliningrad VIK, transferred for state variety testing, for fodder and seed purposes was assessed in the conditions of the Kaliningrad Region. The sowing and structural qualities of seeds, the level of germination in laboratory and field conditions, as well as the stages of plant development in the first and second years of life were studied. The festulolium variety VIK 90 was used as a standard sample. Agro-ecological tests were carried out on the experimental plot of the Kaliningrad Research Institute of Agriculture – the branch of the V.R. Williams Federal Scientific Center of VIK. In the first year of the experiment, in laboratory conditions, the plant demonstrated high germination and sprouting energy (92 and 95 %, respectively), with a 1000-seed weight of 4.2 g. The sprout and radicle length indicators provide grounds to classify the Kaliningrad VIK variety of festulolium as a plant with strong sprouts. Such indicators as the peculiarity of the formation of vegetative organs, the intensity of tillering, the nature of foliage and the formation of a loose-bush type life form allow classifying this plant as a maternal ryegrass type (VIK 90 variety). The plant does not bear seeds in the first year of growth, since it requires autumn induction of flowering at minimum positive temperatures to enter the generative state. At the same time, the volume of overwintered shoots of the new variety was 95.3 %, which is slightly different from the indicators of the standard VIK 90 variety. Experience has confirmed that the moderate climate of the Kaliningrad region is favorable for successful wintering and further development of plants.

Keywords: ecological testing, sowing qualities of seeds, Kaliningrad region, seed germination, festulolium 

Скачать статью

GRIFOLA FRONDOSA (DICKS.) GRAY AS AN OBJECT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROSPECTS OF CULTIVATION, UTILIZATION OF ANTI-ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES

E.I. Degtyareva1, S.A. Kovalenko2, T.A. Petrovskaya1, O.V. Zinkevich1, A.V. Degtyareva1
1Educational Institution «Gomel State Medical University», Republic of Belarus, Gomel
2State Scientific Institution «Forest Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus», Belarus, Gomel

Открыть реферат статьи
Abstract. The peculiarities of vegetative growth of 4 strains of Grifola frondosa in pure culture and on substrates with alder sawdust and aspen shavings were studied. Strains 202, 207, 265, 301 G. frondosa (Dicks.) Gray are slow-growing, since their RK (growth coefficient) varied from 39,8 to 48,1. Complete overgrowth of cups was observed on the 14–17th day depending on the fungal strain. Alder substrate blocks were completely overgrown with mycelium on the 24–36th day, and aspen ones on the 28–45th day. Fruiting bodies were formed from 12 to 21 days. The maximum productivity was obtained in strains FIB-301 and FIB-265 in the variant using aspen chips with the addition of rye bran, and amounted to 10–11 % of the substrate weight. The studies revealed significant polymorphism of the collection strains of G. frondosa in relation to the tested gram-positive microorganisms. The most promising strains of G. frondosa were selected - FIB-265, FIB-301.

Keywords: Grifola frondosa, fructification, productivity, antimicrobial properties

Скачать статью

Monitoring of Ecological Systems

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE SNOW COVER OF THE RECREATIONAL LANDSCAPES OF KRASNOYARSK BY THE SURVIVAL RESPONSE OF PARAMECIUM CAUDATUM

G.A. Demidenko, I.A. Shadrin
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University», Russia, Krasnoyarsk

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article considers the results of assessing the state of the snow cover of recreational landscapes of Krasnoyarsk based on the survival reaction of the ciliate slipper (Paramecium caudatum). For the study, the following test areas were laid out on the territory of Krasnoyarsk: the Krasnoyarsk Stolby National Park; the Bobrovy Log Fun Park; the green area of the Yunga Square. The relevance of the study lies in the use of environmental biotechnologies in cities and suburban areas to stabilize environmental conditions in an anthropogenically modified environment. The use of Paramecium caudatum as a zootest object in studying the state of the snow cover in recreational landscapes of the city of Krasnoyarsk and its environs was performed for the first time. The survival reactions of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum show different degrees of toxicity of the snow cover. However, the ecological state of the recreational zones of Krasnoyarsk is significantly better than in the rest of the urban environment.

Keywords: ecological condition, recreational landscapes, snow cover, zoo testing, test objects, ciliate Paramecium caudatum, Krasnoyarsk 

Скачать статью

BIOINDICATION OF HEAVY METALS BY AQUATIC PLANTS

Z.V. Sokhorova, Ts.D. Davaeva, L.Kh. Sangadzhieva, L.V. Dzhabrueva, A. Shiriev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov», Russia, Republic of Kalmykia, Elista

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Heavy metals are one of the main polluting components of the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, they are absorbed by aquatic plants, which are able to accumulate them and transfer them along trophic chains, creating sources of repeated pollution. The possibility of using aquatic plants in the bioindication of heavy metals in the ecosystem of the Chograi Reservoir of the Republic of Kalmykia was studied. The main source of heavy metals is municipal wastewater. To assess the concentration of heavy metals, the method of atomic absorption spectrometry was used. As a result of the studies, the species composition of aquatic plants of the reservoir was identified. An assessment was made of the ability of various species of aquatic plants to accumulate heavy metals during anthropogenic pollution. Series of the mobility of heavy metals according to the degree of their toxicity were constructed.

Keywords: aquatic plants, bioindication, heavy metals, aquatic ecosystems

Скачать статью

ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF OIL PRODUCTION BY METHODS OF BIOTESTING AND BIOINDICATION

A.O. Kabipzyanova, E.A. Dzyuba, V.E. Simonov
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Perm State National Research University», Russia, Perm

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article is devoted to the application of biotesting and bioindication methods to assess technogenic transformation of the natural environment on its individual components (water, soil, plants), with subsequent comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment. The study was conducted in the area of an exploited oil field, where eight test sites were laid. To assess the state of the waters, biotesting was carried out in laboratory conditions, with daphnia crustaceans (Daphnia magna Straus) and chlorella algae (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer) used as test objects. Phytotesting was carried out on wheat (Triticum) and watercress (Lepidium sativum) to determine the degree of soil pollution. To assess the state of the ecosystem, the method of calculating the relative index of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence and the index of fluctuating asymmetry on the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was used. The results of phytotesting of the studied soil on average do not exceed the control indicators. As a result of testing the needles of Scots pine, it was found that the suppression of vegetation in the study area is moderate. The general analysis of the obtained data showed that the state of the environment is satisfactory.

Keywords: bioindication, biotesting, oil field, relative index of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence, Pinus sylvestris L., transformation of the natural environment, phytotesting, fluctuating asymmetry

Скачать статью

ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR FORECASTING WATER DISCHARGES AT HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

L.R. Karimova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology», Russia, Ufa

Scientific Supervisor – Ph. D. (Georg. Sciences), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Industrial Safety and Industrial Ecology, Director of the Institute of Chemistry and Protection in Emergency Situations of the Ufa University of Science and Technology Elizaryev A.N.

 

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters that cause significant social and economic damage. The frequency and intensity of floods are increasing due to climate change, so there is a need to improve management strategies to minimize the risks of emergencies. The distribution of hydraulic structures by their types, purpose and classes in the territory of Bashkiria is carried out; 4 largest reservoirs are noted. The article presents an analysis of methods for assessing water flow at hydraulic structures during the spring flood in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The methods of the regression model, the classical hydrological approach and machine learning using neural networks, in particular the «random forest» method are proposed. The obtained results of the analysis can be used to predict water flow at these structures during the spring flood, as well as to develop risk management strategies associated with water level regulation. It is noted that the best forecasting result is achieved by combining various methods depending on the situation.

Keywords: spring flood, hydraulic structures, neural networks, water flow forecast

Скачать статью

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FARM “KUBAN” OF THE KUBAN STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

I.P. Kolesnikova, N.V. Chernysheva, V.A. Pogorelova, M.A. Shemis
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

 

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Science and practice have proven that the system of protective forest plantations is one of the best ways to protect fields from unfavorable climatic factors, preserve and increase soil fertility. To determine the state of the system of protective forest plantations in the central agroforestry zone of Krasnodar Krai, forest belts of different designs were selected: blown, windproof and openwork, namely points at a distance of 100 m from each other, most typical for forest belts in the educational and experimental farm «Kuban» of the Kuban State Agrarian University, where their inventory was carried out and monitoring was organized. To analyze the state of existing tree and shrub plantations, visual assessment methods were used for the sum of biomorphological features. Based on these features, trees were assigned categories that are an integral characteristic. As a result of the study, it was established that the main and auxiliary forest belts selected for study are in satisfactory condition, but in general the forest belt system requires systematic monitoring, maintenance and sanitary cleaning.

Keywords: inventory, protective forest plantations, main species, auxiliary species

Скачать статью

ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF VEGETATION COVER IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF THE GAS PIPELINE

Yu.Yu. Nikiforenko, I.P. Melnik
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Abstract. The basis of the work is the assessment of the state of woody, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation of the territory, directly or indirectly experiencing anthropogenic impact of the functioning gas pipeline route on the sections of the compressor station (CS) «Beregovaya» and «Descent to the sea». The work presents objective information on the state of the vegetation cover in the section from 369 km of the gas pipeline route to the water's edge. This information is necessary to monitor the state of plant communities during the operation of the facility, as well as to assess the development of plant communities in the CS zone in the current period. A survey of the vegetation cover of 700 m on both sides of the pipeline shows that no special changes in the development of natural landscapes in this zone in connection with the functioning of the compressor station have been identified. Mesophytization of forest communities can be noted in their development, manifested in the predominance of mesophytes in the undergrowth, grass cover and non-tiered vegetation, as well as the formation of a thick litter that helps to retain moisture and increase organic matter in the upper soil layer. The drying out of ash and oak trees in some places on the border line with the laid corridor indicates the need to clarify the causes of this phenomenon and, in this regard, the feasibility of organizing a systematic monitoring of mixed forests around the compressor station.

Keywords: vegetation, gas pipeline, anthropogenic impact, compressor station, biodiversity, geobotanical description, ecological state

 

Скачать статью

Ecological Situation in Rural Areas

CHARACTERISTICS OF AGROLANDSCAPES OF THE CENTRAL ZONE OF KRASNODAR REGION

I.P. Kolesnikova, V.M. Smolentcev, M.A. Shemis
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. Krasnodar Region is one of the most important regions that ensure food security for Russia, therefore the landscapes of the region, in particular agricultural ones, are subject to significant anthropogenic influence, which negatively affects the natural biodiversity and ecological state of natural ecosystems. The paper provides a description of the agrolandscapes of the Korenovsky and Seversky districts of Krasnodar Krai. The description includes features of the climate, relief, soils, hydrological regime, flora and fauna, as well as crops cultivated in agriculture. It is noted that the ecological situation of the agrolandscapes of the central zone is satisfactory and favorable for the development of agricultural activities, and there is potential for further development

Keywords: agrolandscape, agricultural lands, Krasnodar region, natural and climatic conditions

Скачать статью

 Personalities

BRILLIANT SCIENTIST, THINKER AND ACADEMICIAN V. I. VERNADSKY (1863-1945) (ON THE 161ST ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)

P.V. Ivashov
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Institute of Water and Environmental Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Khabarovsk 

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. The article presents materials on the scientific, pedagogical and social activities of the brilliant Russian and Soviet scientist and thinker of the 20th century, Academician Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, in connection with the 161st anniversary of his birth (1863–1945). V.I. Vernadsky laid the theoretical founda-tions and ideas of the science of biogeochemistry, created the Doctrine of the biosphere.

Keywords: Academician Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, dates of life, information about biography and scientific works, Biogeochemistry, the Doctrine of the biosphere

Скачать статью

Anniversary dates 

60 YEARS TO INSTITUTE OF BOTANY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF PLANTS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TAJIKISTAN

K. Partoev
Institute of Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Excellent Press of the Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe

Открыть реферат статьи
Annotation. An overview of the scientific and practical conference on the topic: «Achievements and Prospects for the Development of Experimental Biology in Tajikistan», dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Institute of Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. More than 100 scientists from Tajikistan, the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan and other international scientific organizations took part in the conference. The conference discussed a list of priority scientific areas, in particular the need to create new varieties of agricultural crops resistant to climate change; as well as the need to expand scientific cooperation with scientists from foreign countries in the field of preserving and replenishing the gene pool of promising varieties and samples.

Keywords: biodiversity, selection and genetic bases of plant resistance, gene pool, adaptation, introduction

Скачать статью