THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Extract from the Register of the Mass Media PI No. FS 77-82390 dated December 8, 2021
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Scientific and Theoretical Journal
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2025, Vol. 21, № 4
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Founded in 2005
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Published quarterly
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C O N T E N T S
Column of the Editor-in-Chief
20th ANNIVERSARY OF THE JOURNAL «THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD»
A.G. Koshchaev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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General Ecology
BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES OF METALS AND THEIR OXIDES
Mussa Avaldugubakh1, D.M. Sytnikov2, F.A. Gubarev2
1Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University», Russia, Tomsk
2Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Sevastopol State University», Russia, Sevastopol
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Annotation. This article presents a review of research findings revealing the biological role of metal nanoparticles and their oxides in the functioning of biosystems at various levels. It is shown that the biological activity of metal nanoparticles is determined by their size, shape, charge, and chemical nature, while their role is determined by the specific effect they have on living organisms. Metal nanoparticles inhibit the growth and development of bacteria by producing reactive oxygen species, damaging membranes, destabilizing the cell wall, and oxidative DNA damage. In plants, they act as signaling molecules, activate stress-regulating genes, influence defense mechanisms, can improve nutrient absorption, and act as productivity-enhancing factors. High concentrations of metal nanoparticles can be phytotoxic; in animals, they cause endocrine disruption. By overcoming biological barriers, nanoparticles enhance the therapeutic efficacy of medications and facilitate their targeted delivery. However, they can accumulate in vital organs of animals, leading to excessive formation of free oxygen radicals, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. By damaging cell membranes, proteins, and DNA, metal nanoparticles can induce mutations and tumors; by binding to essential ions, they can disrupt ion homeostasis and brain function. The duality of using metal nanoparticles and their oxides lies in the benefits and risks involved, highlighting the need for comprehensive research into their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, environmental dissemination, and long-term effects.
Keywords: metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, biosystems, biological effects, toxicity, nanosafety
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Applied Ecology
GRANULOMETRIC AND MICROAGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM IN A LONG-TERM STATIONARY EXPERIMENT WITH FERTILIZERS AND DEFECATE
E.S. Gasanova, K.E. Stekolnikov, E.A. Vysotskaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great», Russia, Voronezh
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Annotation. The article presents the results of a study conducted in a stationary experiment at the Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, and Agroecology of the Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Emperor Peter the Great. It was found that liming stabilizes the coarse dust fraction and prevents its transformation, while fertilizers promote dispersion. Clay quality has been found to be an uninformative indicator for assessing the effect of fertilizer and defecate on particle size distribution. It has been shown that the granulometric index of structure allows one to assess the structuring potential of leached chernozem. It has been established that leached chernozem has a high structuring potential, but this potential varies between the experimental variants and virgin soil. The structure index in the experimental variants varies within the range of 103–124 % in the 0–20 cm layer and 112–126 % in the 20–40 cm layer. The maximum indicator is observed on virgin soil. It was revealed that the 0.25–0.05 mm fraction (fine and very fine sand) of the microaggregate composition is predominant. In the control, in the 0–20 cm layer, it is 45.63 %. The application of fertilizers increases its content to 51.76 %, and in the integrated agrochemical cultivation of fields and defecate variants, it is at the level of 41.51–45.74 %. In virgin soil, its content is minimal – 18.72%. In the 20–40 cm layer, the content of this fraction is lower. The fraction ˃0.25 mm predominates in the virgin soil in the 0–20 cm layer – 64.32 %. In the control, its content is 13.95 %. Fertilizers and defecate have an ambiguous effect. A close correlation was established between the organic matter content of the soil and the microaggregate composition, the indicator of which decreases with decreasing aggregate size.
Keywords: leached chernozem, fertilizer system, defecate, microaggregate composition, granulometric index of structure
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ECOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE FERTILIZATION SYSTEM OF IRRIGATED CROP ROTATION DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF BASIC SOIL CULTIVATION
E.G. Berdnikova1, A.A. Makarenko2, V.N. Gladkov2, E.S. Boyko2, V.S. Balandin2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kherson State Pedagogical Uni-versity», Russia, Skadovsk
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. Effective management of the nitrogen nutrient cycle is a key challenge in modern adaptive landscape agriculture. Inefficient use of nitrogen, vital for crop yield and quality, leads to economic losses and serious environmental problems (water pollution with nitrates, greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions, reduced humus and other organic matter content, etc.), which are exacerbated by irrigation. Primary tillage plays a crucial role in regulating soil properties, nitrogen transformation and balance, crop productivity, and soil nitrification capacity. It has been shown that in irrigated crop rotations, variable-depth no-tillage significantly increases available nitrogen content by 9.6% and nitrification capacity by 12.9 % compared to the unfertilized control. In contrast, shallow no-tillage reduced available nitrogen content by 5.8 %. Green manure crops increase available nitrogen (by 11.4 % at the beginning and 6.4% at the end of the growing season) and nitrification (by 9.8–11.2 %). The N120P40 rate provides the maximum nitrification level (54.8–78.6 mg/kg), exceeding the control by 32.4 % at the end of the growing season.
Keywords: crop rotation, irrigation, field crops, tillage, fertilizers, green manure, nitrogen, soil nitrification capacity
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EFFICIENCY OF USING BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS AND MICROFERTILIZERS IN GROWING WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON PRECURSORS
S.V. Kokovikhin, T.V. Knyazeva, N.V. Shvydkaya
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. Field trials revealed that winter wheat grain yield was highly dependent on the choice of crop precursor in the rotation. After a fallow crop, this figure increased to 39.9 c/ha, which was 2.4–2.5 times higher than the yield obtained after a stubble crop (16.1 c/ha) and after sunflower (17.0 c/ha). The use of the biopreparations tested in the field trials (Azotofit, Organic Balance) resulted in an increase in grain yield only in the variant with a fallow crop precursor, while in plots with stubble and sunflower as precursors, virtually no effect was observed due to moisture deficiency during the growing season. Combined treatments (seeds + foliar application) increased yield by an average of 3.1 c/ha. The maximum absolute increase (3.2–5.2 c/ha) was obtained after fallow. The highest percentage yield increases (10.4–19.2%) across all precursors were recorded with combinations of Azotofit and Organic Balance with Quantum Grain. The impact of individual treatments (factor B) on yield was less pronounced due to unfavorable weather conditions in 2019–2020. However, the most effective combined treatments provided increases of up to 13.9–14.7% (25.6–25.8 c/ha) compared to the unfertilized control.
Keywords: Winter wheat, predecessor, biopreparations, microfertilizers, tillering, plant height, yield structure, productivity, grain quality
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INFLUENCE OF SOIL CULTIVATION METHODS ON AGROPHYSICAL INDICATORS IN THE WESTERN CISCAUCASIA
N.N. Neshchadim, A.A. Kvashin, A.V. Koval, M.M. Sazonenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. The experiment examined the effect of soil preparation methods on soil density and aggregate composition under field conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of soil preparation meth-ods on the agrophysical parameters and seed germination of various winter wheat varieties in the Western Ciscaucasia. A stationary three-factor experiment was conducted in Krasnodar Krai (Central Zone). During the experiment, changes in soil density and aggregate composition were determined depending on tillage methods at different horizons of the arable layer. The interactions between the studied factors on these parameters were determined. Changes in field germination of seeds of various winter wheat varieties were also demonstrated depending on soil preparation methods, and the relative influences of these factors were determined.
Keywords: winter wheat, variety, tillage method, soil density, aggregate composition, germination
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AGROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF HERBICIDES ON SUGAR BEET HYBRIDS IN THE ORYOL REGION
E.Yu. Yushkova1, I.N. Senchakova1, S.V. Chepelev1, Yu.V. Tsyku2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Oryol State University named after I.S. Turgenev», Russia, Oryol
2Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for Animal Health Protection», Russia, Oryol
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Annotation. The use of herbicides is a mandatory component of intensive sugar beet cultivation. This article presents data on the effects of field treatments with mixtures containing various pesticide formulation components on the root size and weight of sugar beet hybrids. However, pesticides are environmentally hazardous, especially if they accumulate in soil and agricultural produce. Mature root crops were tested for pesticide residues using gas chromatography. The recommended use is the complex herbicide Biceps Garant, which demonstrated maximum effectiveness in field trials using both inter-row and full-row treatment. Pesticide residue levels in root crops with the recommended treatment system were below the established detection limit.
Keywords: sugar beet, herbicides, tank mixtures, gas chromatography
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SORBENTS OF VARIOUS ORIGINS AS A TOOL FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS
A.R. Mansurova, D.O. Egorova, E.A. Dziuba
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Perm State National Research University», Russia, Perm
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Annotation. The effect of oil pollution on the growth and development of watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) has been studied The effectiveness of sorbents of various origins (activated carbon, dolomite, silica gel, agrovermiculite, moss, sawdust of pine and birch) in reducing pollution was evaluated. It was found that pine sawdust has the greatest sorption capacity, reducing the concentration of oil by 5,88 times. The least negative effect on seed germination was noted when using activated carbon (97,0 %) and birch sawdust (87,9 %).
Keywords: oil-contaminated soils, petroleum hydrocarbons, sorbents, bioremediation, phytotoxicity
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Biodiversity and Bioresources
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF AMPHIBIANS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
N.E. Ignashev1, R.I. Zamaletdinov2
1Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
2Institute of Management, Economics and Finance of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
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Annotation. Restoring and preserving the resource potential of amphibians is a pressing issue in approaches to assessing damage to wildlife. Therefore, this article examines various ecological and economic approaches to valuing amphibians in the Republic of Tatarstan. Current environmental legislation assesses only economic damage to amphibians, ignoring ecological aspects. This study examines approaches to assessing amphibians based on the main limiting factors affecting them. Amphibian diversity in the Republic of Tatarstan includes 11 species. Each species is particularly significant in the natural ecosystems that characterize a given territory.
Keywords: resource assessment, amphibians, biodiversity, environmental legislation
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ECOLOGICAL AND FAUNISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HELMINTH COMMUNITIES OF THE DOMESTIC DOG (CANIS FAMILIARIS L., 1758) IN THE ECOSYSTEMS OF KRASNODAR AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES
G.S. Itin1, G.K. Plotnikov2, A.G. Itin1
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. The species structure and ecological mechanisms underlying the formation of helminth communities in domestic dogs in the ecosystems of Krasnodar and adjacent territories were studied. A total of 140 dog carcasses were examined from 2020 to 2025. Seventeen species of parasitic worms were detected in the animals examined. The lowest number of parasitic species was recorded in dogs kept indoors, while the highest numbers were found in stray dogs. Helminth communities containing between two and seven species were identified in the canine helminthic community. The species composition of the domestic dog helminthic community is determined by trophic relationships in the parasite-host system.
Keywords: domestic dog, helminth communities, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, trophic relationships, host-parasite system
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AGROCLIMATIC STABILITY AND FORAGE VALUE OF NARROW-LEAVED LUPINE VARIETIES IN THE KIROV REGION
S.A. Emelev, E.S. Lybenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vyatka State Agrotechnological University», Russia, Kirov
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Annotation. A two-year study (2023–2024) on sod-podzolic soils in the Kirov Region a comprehensive assessment of the agroclimatic stability and forage value of modern narrow-leaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties was conducted under sharply contrasting growing seasons. The varieties of pea Ukaz and peawort Ryabchik served as controls. Yield, crude protein, fiber, ash, fat, and alkaloid content of grain were determined, and metabolizable energy yield was calculated. The Belozerny 110, Bryansky Kormovoy, and Snezhet varieties were found to be characterized by high phenotypic plasticity, providing an average yield of 3.17–3.44 t/ha. They outperformed the control varieties in metabolizable energy yield by 21–25 %. The crude protein content of their grain was 33.7–35.3 %, and the alkaloid level was 0.060–0.079 %, which meets the requirements of GOST R 54632-2011 for classes 1–2. This confirms the suitability of these varieties for direct use in compound feed. The scientific novelty of this study lies in identifying varieties that combine stable productivity and high grain quality under the highly variable meteorological conditions typical of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: narrow-leaved lupine, yield, crude protein, alkaloids, metabolic energy, feed value, Non-Chernozem zone, varieties
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MODERN BIOGEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION STATUS OF SHRIMPS (DECAPODA; CARIDEA)
Т.P. Khairulina, T.I. Khoreva, M.V. Medyankina, I.A. Glebova, V.P. Saprykin
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (First Cossack University), Russia, Moscow
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Annotation. This article discusses the distribution of freshwater shrimp, analyzing their current status in terms of their economic importance to humans and the need to preserve species diversity. The global diversity of freshwater shrimp is determined by factors including species specificity and habitat heterogeneity, which contributes to the formation of unique regional biodiversity hotspots. Examples illustrate the role of anthropogenic impact, emphasizing the importance of protecting these organisms. Freshwater shrimp inhabit all biogeographic regions of the Earth except Antarctica. In Russia, cold-water species are predominantly found, with the greatest diversity (>100 species) concentrated in the seas of the Russian Far East. Since the classification and distribution of freshwater shrimp are ecologically specific, many factors pose a threat to their survival, as discussed in the article.
Keywords: aquaculture, stygobionts, freshwater shrimp, biogeography, systematics, habitat, abiotic environmental factors, extinction risk
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STABILITY AND PLASTICITY OF OAT SAMPLES OF THE NORTHERN RUSSIAN ECOLOGICAL GROUP
A.V. Laptev
Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, a separate division of the Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Krasnoyarsk
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Annotation. The studied Northern Russian ecological group of oats included 11 cultivar accessions from the Aurea, Mutica, Aristata, and Byzantina varieties. The objective was to evaluate individual traits of the Northern Russian ecological group oat accessions for stability and plasticity and their patterns. Variation in the studied parameters (yield, grain coarseness, and vegetation) was examined. Varieties with the highest parameters in the sample were identified, with a statistically significant difference from the standard for thousand-kernel weight. Patterns in the variation, plasticity, and stability of the varieties, characteristic of both the varieties and the specific sample for the studied parameters, were identified. A tendency toward stability in high-yielding and large-grain accessions with little plasticity was demonstrated. The coefficient of variation is characterized by large variations across varieties in the vegetation parameter and more uniform values for yield and grain coarseness. A certain tendency toward large grain sizes and low yields is noted in this ecogroup, with slight fluctuations in growing season indicators, primarily toward early maturity. The study identified the large-grained Yakov variety with an extensive level of ecological plasticity (stable), making it of interest for study in the northern reaches of the crop distribution.
Keywords: oats, plasticity, stability, vegetation, yield, weight, ecogroup
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EFFECT OF TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE ON TWO CLOSELY RELATED STRAINS OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER
A.Z. Mindubayev1, E.S. Balymova2, A.A. Chaporgina3
1Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Federal Research Center «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan National Research Technological University», Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
3Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Apatity
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Annotation. Tributyl phosphate (TBP), like other trisodium phosphates, is toxic. However, it finds industrial application as an extractant for metal salts from ore minerals. Consequently, it is produced in large quantities. Environmental pollution from TBP is a concern. However, chemically, TBP is a derivative of phosphoric acid and can be hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphates, which, in turn, serve as nutrients for living organisms, as phosphorus in the form of phosphates is a biogenic element essential for life. TBP can undergo enzymatic hydrolysis – biodegradation. Until now, bacteria were the only known biodegraders of TBP. This study, however, was the first to observe the biodegradation of this substance by the fungi Aspergillus niger AM1 VKM F-4815D and A. niger AM2 VKM F-4816D. The effect of TBP on the mycelial growth and development of two strains, as well as its toxicity with and without inorganic phosphate, was studied. The results obtained in this study suggest that strain F-4816D, unlike the parent strain F-4815D, is capable of biodegrading TBP in the absence of other phosphorus sources, producing less toxic transformation products. These properties of the daughter strain can be used in the future to develop methods for treating wastewater or contaminated soils from TBP. .
Keywords: Aspergillus niger, biodegradation, morphology, toxicity, tributyl phosphate
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Monitoring of Ecological Systems
MONITORING THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF NATURAL ZONES (SUBZONES) OF YENISEI REGION OF SIBERIA USING A RELATIONAL DATABASE
G.A. Demidenko, L.N. Shevtsova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University», Russia, Krasnoyarsk
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Annotation. This article discusses the use of the relational database «Soil and Climatic Characteristics of Natural Zones (Subzones) of Yenisei Region of Siberia» developed by the authors for monitoring the environmental status of natural zones in modern times. Yenisei Region of Siberia is a territory in the western part of Eastern Siberia, united by the Yenisei River valley. The ability to utilize large volumes of information, perform comparisons, searches, systematization, and updating of data is crucial when working with the database. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for Yenisei Region of Siberia, based on extensive factual material in the database, the interrelationships and interdependence of the components of ecosystems of natural zones (subzones) are examined. Analysis of the database information revealed that soil and climatic characteristics such as the large meridional extent of the territory, the sharply continental climate of the temperate zone of Eurasia, highly dissected macro- and mesorelief, soil diversity, and characteristics of soil-forming processes determined the diversity of vegetation in the natural zones (subzones) of Yenisei Region of Siberia.
Keywords: environmental monitoring, digital technologies, database, natural zones (subzones), ecological state, soils, climate indicators, Yenisei Region of Siberia
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A REVIEW OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOIL REMEDIATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SCALE, SOURCES, MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
D.V. Aleksandrov, E.V. Nafikova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology», Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
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Annotation. This article examines the scale and causes of soil pollution by oil and petroleum products in the Russian Federation, the dynamics of pipeline infrastructure accidents, and the growth of disturbed land areas. It demonstrates that oil and petroleum products are highly stable in the soil environment, altering the water regime, physicochemical properties, and the soil-absorbing complex, leading to ecosystem degradation and a decrease in their resilience. Based on data from government reports and scientific publications, the sources of pollution are systematized. Modern remediation technologies (physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological) are summarized, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The demand for combined schemes is demonstrated. Monitoring methods are analyzed, emphasizing the need for their integration for mapping, hydrocarbon migration forecasting, and management. Practice-oriented recommendations are formulated for the selection of technologies, taking into account the type of pollution, the stability of the geological environment, and the intended land use.
Keywords: oil-contaminated soils, natural and technical systems, emergency spills, bioremediation, phytoremediation, sorbents, reclamation
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ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY OF SNOW COVER IN THE CITY OF KRASNOYARSK USING PROTOZOA ORGANISMS AS TEST OBJECTS
I.A. Shadrin, G.A. Demidenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University», Russia, Krasnoyarsk
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Annotation. Snow cover accumulates various pollutants. Classic environmental monitoring methods, such as chemical ones, are not always capable of providing a comprehensive assessment of the environment condition. Biological analysis methods, such as bioassays, can provide a comprehensive assessment of snow cover toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the condition of snow cover in urbanized areas of Krasnoyarsk using the ciliate Paramecium caudatum as a test subject. The study subjects were urban areas subject to recreational loads, located on the left and right banks of Krasnoyarsk. Control sites included recreational zones within the city limits – a pine forest in Akademgorodok and the Vetluzhanka microdistrict.
Keywords: toxicity, snow cover, test objects, protozoa, ciliates, urban areas, anthropogenic impact
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CONDITION OF TREE SPECIES IN FOREST BELTS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE EDUCATIONAL FARM «KUBAN»
V.A. Pogorelova, N.V. Chernysheva, A.I. Melchenko, I.P. Kolesnikova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. The study identified the design types of the studied shelterbelts and the condition of the woody plants. The design was determined based on the number of gaps in the vertical profile of the stand. To determine the condition of the woody plants in each studied shelterbelt, three sample plots, each 100 meters long, were established. The condition of the woody plants was determined using a categorical scale. The height and circumference of tree trunks were measured. The obtained data were processed using statistical methods. The woody plants – pedunculate oak and black walnut – are in satisfactory condition and can be recommended in the future as the main species for the creation and restoration of shelterbelts. Norway maple can be recommended in the third agroforestry zone for the restoration or creation of shelterbelt plantations as an accompanying species. Ash is currently in unsatisfactory condition and therefore does not provide protection for agricultural fields from wind erosion.
Keywords: protective forest plantations, condition of woody plants, type of forest belt design
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ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF APPLE MYCOPATHOGEN POPULATIONS IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
I.V. Bedlovskaya, S.A. Pilipenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education»Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. Mycopathogenic damage to fruit crops is the main limiting factor in the reduction of productivity and marketable quality. This article describes the development of the main fungal pathogens on apple trees under rapidly changing weather conditions in 2024. It notes trends toward a decrease in the harmfulness of pathogen populations of traditional (dominant) mycoses, such as scab and powdery mildew, and an increase in the development and spread of previously minor apple pathogens, such as verticillium tracheomycosis and cytosporosis, as well as manifestations of alternaria, phyllostictosis, and anthracnose. It is proposed to rely not on traditional calendar timing for fungicide treatments, but rather take into account the situation and weather forecast.
Keywords: apple tree, mycopathogen, pathogenesis, sporulation, conidial stage, scab, powdery mildew, anthracnose, moniliosis
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FEATURES OF APPLE SCAB DEVELOPMENT UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
N.M. Smolyanaya, I.V. Bedlovskaya, S.A. Pilipenko
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education»Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. The results of regular monitoring of Geneva Early apple tree plantings are presented to determine the characteristics of scab development. The influence of weather predictors during the early spring and summer periods of apple tree development on the disease development dynamics is analyzed. The influence of temperature on the infection rate by the beginning of the growing season is noted. Spraying fallen leaves with urea is evaluated to reduce ascospore infection and the early development of the conidial stage.
Keywords: apple tree, scab, infection stock, ascospore infection, conidial stage, urea, fungicide
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THE IMPACT OF PIG MANURE ON ODOR POLLUTION IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR
D.A. Antonenko, Yu.Yu. Nikiforenko, V.V. Kazakova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. This article examines the pressing environmental issues caused by the significant accumulation of pig manure at large livestock farms. The current scale of pig farming in Russia has serious consequences for the environment and public health. Particular attention is given to air quality and sanitation issues related to the impact of unpleasant odors on adjacent areas. Measures to improve the situation, including improved waste disposal technologies, changes in animal husbandry processes, and the use of cutting-edge engineering solutions, are provided.
Keywords: pig farms, pig manure, environmental protection, atmospheric air, odor pollution, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, ecology, agriculture
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Brief Communications
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUNFLOWER LINES BASED ON ANTHOCYANIN COLORING IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
E.Yu. Shpiga
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education»Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Russia, Krasnodar
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Annotation. Sunflower is important as an oilseed crop and as a source of industrial raw materials. Identifying sunflower lines with desirable economically valuable traits early in plant development significantly reduces la-bor costs and improves production efficiency.
Keywords: sunflower, lines, color, anthocyanins
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