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THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
Registration certificate ПИ № ФС 77-21756, reg. 30.08.2005

Science and Theory Journal

2015, V. 11, №3 

Founded in 2005

Published 4 times a year

 C O N T E N T

Abiotic bases of landscapes

UDC 631.95 : 579.64

CHANGE IN UREASE ACTIVITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SANDY LOAM, LIGHT-GRAY FOREST LOAMY AND PODZOLIZED LOAMY CHERNOZEM SOIL DURING THEIR MECHANICAL DISTURBANCE

Titova V. I.
Dr. of agricultural Sciences, professor, Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, Russia, Nizhniy Novgorod, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Shakhov S. S.
Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, Russia, Nizhniy Novgorod, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The aim of research in this paper was to study the influence of mechanical soil disturbance on its urease activity - the ability of microflora to change toxic urea  into secure components, which are safe for soil. For the study was laid vegetation-field experience with three soil samples: sod-podzolic sandy loam, light-gray forest loam and podzolized loamy chernozem; for each soil mechanically disturbed variations with relation of the subsoil to the arable layer of 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, were modeled, these ones were compared to a control, undisturbed analog. Mathematical treatment of the results of research carried out by the method of variation statistics using the software Microsoft Office Excel 2007, and the method of calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. According to the research found that the mechanical disturbance negatively impacts on soil urease activity, the degree of reduction of these indicators is in inverse proportion to abiotic environmental factors that vary with mixing of arable and subsurface layers. The scope of practice of agricultural production in the remediation of human-made disturbed soils to optimize their fertility.

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УДК 579.695; 546.85; 502.55; 661.63

INCREASE OF RESISTANCE TO WHITE PHOSPHORUS IN MICROORGANISMS AS A RESULT OF DIRECTED SELECTION: BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STREPTO-MYCES SP. A8 STRAIN

Mindubaev A. Z.
candidate of chemical sciences, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry A. E. Arbuzov, KSC RAS, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Voloshina A. D.
junior research fellow of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry A. E. Arbuzov KSC RAS, Russia, 420088, Kazan, st. Arbuzov d. 8, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Gorbacuk E. V.
graduate student of the Faculty of Chemical CFI, department of physical chemistry, Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Russia, 420008, Kazan, st. The Kremlin, 18, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Kulik N. V.
junior Researcher, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry. A. E. Arbuzov, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Minzanova S. T.
candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry. A.E. Arbuzov, 420088, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, ul. Arbuzov 8.L.G.
Mironova L. G.
research Engineer, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry A. E. Arbuzov, Kazan Scien-tific Center RAS 420088, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, ul. Arbuzov 8.
Alimova F. K.
doctor of biological sciences, Professor, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Saparmyradov K. A.
student of V course, department of biochemistry, faculty of biology and soils, Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Yahvarov D. G.
doctor of chemical sciences, associate professor, Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry A. E. Arbuzov, KSC RAS, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The work with microorganisms spreading over on synthetic culture media, containing white phosphorus as a sole source of phosphorus, is continued. The increase of cultures resistance resulting from directed selection is demonstrated for the first time. The rate of development of resistance to white phosphorus significantly increases with the medium enrichment with nutrients of plant biomass. Biochemical analysis of the Streptomyces sp. A8 strain using the “Biolog” system is performed, allowing one to obtain a metabolic profile by 94 edible substrata basing on the screening test. It allows to collect the amount of information required to optimize the selection of an effective culture media and other biotechnological processes.

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UDC [591.524.12:574.1] (285.33) (477)

ZOOPLANKTON OF SAMARA BAY OF ZAPORIZHZHYA RESERVOIR

Yakovenko V. A.
candidate of biology science, associate professor, Dnipropetrovsk National University of Oles Honchar, 49050, Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk, Gagarin ave., 72, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Bilyk V. N.
competitor, Dnipropetrovsk National University of Oles Honchar, 49050, Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk, pr. Gagarina, 72, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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It was found that zooplankton of Samara Bay may create fish production about 30 kg/ha, it’s exceedes the current fish catch and provides an enable of additional planktovorous fish stocking. On the other hand zooplankton figures in biotops of the bay vary greatly with minimum in dense canebrake which increases by organic matter influx. Overgrowing of dense canebrake leads to depression of filter-feeding crustaceans who are important agents of self-cleaning. General volume of filtered water by zooplankton exceeds bay volume 21,5 times that indicates good self-cleaning abibily of Samara bay zooplankton. The trend to overgrowing in Samara bay cause importance of limitation of sewage volume in spite of high structure-funktional zooplankton figures.

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UDC 574.24

INFLUENCE OF COMPOUND COMPOST ON COMPOSITION OF MESOFAUNA OF SOIL IN CONDITIONS OF AGROLANDSCAPES

Nikiforenko Julia Yurevna
сandidate of biological sciences, assistant, Kuban State Agrarian University, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinin st., 13, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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IAn important environmental challenge now is to reduce the fertility of black earth soils and their degradation. Environmental degradation of soils due to many factors, including the accumulation of waste, many of which can be used as soil reclamation agents.The results of five years of research on the influence of the compound compost on composition of soil mesofauna in ordinary chernozem are presented in the article. When using complex compost which is a mixture of waste industry and agriculture, in soil is increased statistically significantly the number of members of such families as earthworms (Lumbricidae), enhiteridy (Enchitraeidae), millipede (Julidae). This is because of improvement of physical and agrochemical properties of chernozem ordinary (reduced density, increased porosity and moisture, increased organic matter, calcium, sulfur, neutralization pH). Studies conducted in the dynamics it possible to determine not only the one-time effect from the insertion into the soil compost complex, but also to establish trends aftereffects. Using the technology provided is of practical importance to maintain environmentally friendly farming. Increasing organic background helps to activate the biological processes in the soil, which improves the security of plant nutrients. Given the importance of soil biota to soil fertility and maintaining a favorable environment it is advisable to use a complex system of compost in agriculture.

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UDC 581.5; 581.55

FORMATION OF PLANT SPECIES SURVIVAL STRATEGIES BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF ALLIUM PANICULATUM L. (AMARYLLIDACEAE)

Chadaeva V. A.
candidate of biological sciences, Republican сhildren's ecological-biological centre of the ministry of a science and education of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Head of the ecology de-partment, 360009, App 105, Dagestanskya St., Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Shhagapsoev S. H.
doctor of biological sciences, Professor, Parliament of Kabardino-Balkaria, Deputy Chair-man of the Parliament Committee on Agrarian Policy, Ecology, Environment and Land Affairs, 360051, App 55, Leninа St., Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

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In the article on the example of A. paniculatum discussed the implementation of the biological variability potential of wild plant species in heterogeneous environments, the result of which is the formation of a specific life strategy aimed at maintaining the stability of species in nature. Biological potential of variability of species is realized in organismal and population-ontogenetic stability mechanisms causing heterogeneity (morphological, physiological and functional heterogeneity of plants) and lability (variability of population-ontogenetic parameters) of cenopopulyations. These mechanisms are interconnected and interdependent that allows studying the complex adaptive response of plants to influence of ecological factors that can be considered as vital strategy of species. Vital strategy of species is directed to survival, preservation of the place in phytocenosis, restoration of structure and functions after stressful influences. Therefore it is а way of species stability achievement at the biocenosis level.

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UDC 631.4

FUNDAMENTAL DEPENDENCE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF TEMPERATURE AND ITS USABILITY IN THE THERMODYNAMICS OF SOIL WATER

Smagin A. V.
doctor of biological science, professor, Lononosov Moscow St. University Lononosov Moscow State University, 119992, Russia, Moscow, GSP-2, Leninskye gory, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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 The results of development physically-based models for describing the fundamental relationship between the relative humidity and the thermodynamic water potential on temperature (T) in the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium are given. The final formula for the potential of moisture (Y) in the first (linear) approximation looks like: Y = Q – aT, where Q is specific heat of vaporization, а is  physically reasonable parameter associated with the initial relative humidity of the air in the external thermodynamic reservoir (laboratory or environment). The experiments with simultaneous measurement of relative humidity and temperature by programmable automatic sensors «Hygrochron» DS1923 fully confirmed the adequacy of the proposed theoretical models. We discuss the possibility of their using in environmental sciences and engineering disciplines, in particular – to justify the new thermostatic method of quantitative estimation the water potential in soil and other dispersed systems.

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УДК 631.879

WASTE PRODUCTION AND POSSIBILITY OF THEIR USE IN TECHNOLOGY AGROLANDSCAPES

Belyuchenko I. S.
department of general biology and ecology of Kuban State Agrarian University 350044, Russia, Krasnodar, Kalinin street, 13 tel. 8 (861) 221-58-65; E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Formation of various waste products formed in the ill-conceived relationship between man and nature. Exposure to vegetation and soil is determined by favorable exchange their activities autotrophs and heterotrophs. Destruction of rocks formed a bed of river systems and to ensure the formation of basin landscape with different forms of water exchange in certain areas of land, provide a way out of plants on the land, the formation of energy flows from the decomposition of organic matter, the formation of some gases with a high participation of oxygen and nitrogen, changed the heat transfer and provide education new atmosphere. The advent of increased human pressure on nature through floods, fires, earthquakes. The destruction of emerging human landscape systems affects many aspects of their development and to a large extent the formation of their biota. Deep violations in the development of landscape systems is often the cause of loss of individual trees, grass cover, etc. The impact of man on nature is now in the hundreds of times greater than a thousand years ago. An important area is to maintain the productivity of the system landscape mixtures fertilizers for farming, improving food supply and topsoil moisture. An important area is the participation in the composition of the agrarian system component such as shelterbelts, which investigates and little attention to them weakened. Irrational use of agricultural landscapes, enhancing soil and water contamination accumulation of metals and oil is clearly visible through a decline in the quality of products. In general, these issues need good people in need in the preparation of the environment - researchers and ecologists - technology - experts in the field of research waste.

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UDC 550.7 

MICROELEMENTS IN WHITE CABBAGE IN THE TEST FIELDS OF PRIAMURJE AGROSYSTEM 

Ivashov Petr V.
doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation; Senior Researcher; Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, FEB RAS; 680063, Russia. Khabarovsk, Kim Yu Chen str., 65; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The content of microelements and heavy metals in white cabbage leaves were studied in the test fields of Priamurje agrosystem. Microelement content levels were detected at different stages of the cabbage head growth. Cultivated vegetables were proved to be able to serve highly sensitive indicators of environment pollution with chemical elements and can be effectively used for biogeochemical monitoring of the agroecosystem.

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UDC 631.416.1: 633.11

DYNAMICS OF AMMONIA NITROGEN IN UPPER LAYER OF SOIL AT CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT

Tkachenko L. N.
department of general biology and ecology of Kuban State Agrarian University 350044, Russia, Krasnodar, Kalinin street, 13 tel. 8 (861) 221-58-65; E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Fedorov V. V.
department of general biology and ecology of Kuban State Agrarian University 350044, Russia, Krasnodar, Kalinin street, 13 tel. 8 (861) 221-58-65; E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Nitrogen in soil layer exists in many forms and are constantly varies from one form to another. All ways of development  of different forms of nitrogen  is called of nitrogen cycle. Ammonia is important form of nitrogen compound  which forming of dynamics of nitrogen in the different periods of development of the plants and upper soil layer. Usually nitrogen is not associated with soil minerals. Some clay minerals able to bind a small amount of nitrogen in the form of ammonium but not significantly in comparison with other nutrient elements.

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UDC 631.41

THE IMPACT OF COMPLEX COMPOST ON SOIL pH WHEN GROWING WINTER WHEAT

Melnik O. A.
Kuban State Agrarian University, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinin street, 13, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Gayterova O. V.
Kuban State Agrarian University, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinina street, 13, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Adding compost complex that includes 10 types of waste organic and mineral origin, has a great influence on the pH level of concentration in the top soil for growing winter wheat. The content of the pH in the soil on controlling the composition of more than 8,3, and in making the complex the concentration of compost pH generally decreased to 7,2-7,4. Reduced pH in the topsoil markedly increased content ammonifying and cellulolytic bacteria compared with the control. Difficult compost helped neutralize the topsoil.

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UDC 631.879

IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ECOLOGICAL CONFERENCE "PROBLEMS RECULTIVATION OF WASTES OF LIFE, INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION" IN THE PLENARY REPORTS

Belyuchenko I. S.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University, Russia. 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinin street, 13, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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IV International scientific ecological conference on problem of recultivation of wastes life, industrial and agricultural production, as well as natural wastes took place in March 2015 at the Kuban State Agrarian University. 20 scientific reports that territorial coverage of Russia and major republics of former union state, were heard on the first day of the conference. Report of dean of faculty of soil science of Moscow State University academician S. A. Shoba, professor A.V. Smagin and candidate of biological sciences N.B. Sadovnikova who presented their ideas about construction of soils anthropogenic landscapes was presented first. By analyzing construction of soils as an innovative trend in of engineering ecology, agriculture and soil science, the authors have substantiated designing and creation of natural and synthetic materials in the soil of thicker of horizons, communications and other structural elements. Some geochemical aspects of use of waste were outlined professor V. A. Alekseenko. N. A. Voropaeva (professor of Institute of rapes in Lipetsk) was analyzed the renewable plant waste as a source of carbonaceous nanomaterials. Application of fertilizers on the basis of sewage sludge was outlined in the report by professor G. E. Merzlaya, etc. All speakers were touched on local problems of wastes and set out their vision this topic and how it should be addressed in the specific conditions of individual territories.

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