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THE NORTH CAUCASUS ECOLOGICAL HERALD
certificate of registration of the media PI № FS77-21756 dated August 30, 2005

Theoretical journal

2020, Vol. 16, № 4  

Founded in 2005

Gets out four times per year

C O N T E N T S

UDC 665.7.032.53+639.3.05

THE EFFICIENCY OF USING THE HUMIC PREPARATIONS' PRODUCTION WASTE AT POND FISH FARMING

Lishtvan I. I.
Academician, D. Sc. (Technical), Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, 10, F. Skariny Str., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Naumova G. V.
D. Sc. (Technical), Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, 10, F. Skariny Str., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Pantelei S. N.
Ph. D. (Agricultural), Leading Researcher, Institute of Fisheries, Republic of Belarus, 220024, Minsk, 22, Stebeneva Str., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Zhmakova N. A.
Ph. D (Technical), Leading Researcher,, Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, 10, F. Skariny Str., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Ovchinnikova T. F.
Ph. D (Technical), Senior Researcher, Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, 10, F. Skariny Str., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Makarova N. L.
Ph. D (Technical), Senior Researcher,, Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, 10, F. Skariny Str., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Makeyenko A. A.
Graduate Student, Junior Researcher, Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, 10, F. Skariny Str., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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This article presents the results of studies related to the possibility of expanding the natural fodder base of pond fish farming by using humate-containing wastes generated in the production of humic preparations “Hydrohumate”, “Oxyhumate”, “Peat Oxidate” and “Consil”. The work found that the use of these wastes in fish farming can contribute to the expansion of the natural food base of fish. This is evidenced by the increased development of phyto- and zooplankton, which are a food product for fish. The use of humate-containing wastes significantly increases the fish productivity of reservoirs, making it possible to switch to an intensive technology of growing fish in ponds.

Key words: fish farming, humic preparations, humate-containing residues, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish productivity.

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UDC 547.458.87+547.992.2

THE PROSPECTS OF RAPE MEAL USE AS ADDITIVES TO PEAT RAW MATERIALS IN FOR DRUGS PRODUCTION

Naumova G. V.
doctor of technical science, professor, principal researcher scienstist of Institute of Nature Mmanagement of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus, Minsk, F. Skariny Str, 10
Ovchinnikova T. F.
doctor of technical science, senior researcher scienstist of Institute of Nature Mmanagement of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus, Minsk, F. Skariny Str, 10
Zhmakova N. A.
doctor of technical science, lead researcher scienstist of Institute of Nature Mmanagement of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus, Minsk, F. Skariny Str, 10,
Makarova N. L.
doctor of technical science, senior researcher scienstist of Institute of Nature Mmanagement of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus, Minsk, F. Skariny Str, 10
Rassocha N. F.
doctor of Agricultural Sciences, senior researcher scienstist of Institute of vegetable growing of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus, Minsk region, village Samohvalovichi, Kovaleva Str, 2, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Recent studies have shown the prospectives of peat use and certain types of industrial plant waste as mixed raw materials for plant growth regulators production. Peat contains a variety of biologically active compounds of plant origin and humic substances formed in a peat deposit during the decomposition of organic residues. Rapeseed meal remains after oil extracting from seeds and contains up to 38 % protein. The prospects of the joint hydrolytic degradation of peat and rapeseed meal, which allows enriching amino acids in humic preparations used in plant growing as plant growth regulators, is shown. The results of laboratory and micro-vegetation experiments on plant test cultures indicate a high cytokinin, gibberelin and auxin activity of new drug, which especially indicates during the early stages of plant development. In the presence of low drug concentrations (0.001–0.005 %), cell division and growth (extension) is activated, germination energy and seed germination are increased. At later stages of ontogenesis, the drug activates growth processes, as evidenced by the acceleration of their growth and increase in the biomass growth of the aerial part and plant roots.

Keywords: peat, rapeseed meal, hydrolytic degradation, laboratory plant tests, the biological activity of cytokinins, gibberelins, auxins, germination, biomass increment.

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UDC 631.879

BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR UTILIZATION AS FERTILIZER THE WASTE FROM WINERIES AND ALCOHOL PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES

Siuris A. I.
dr. in agriculture, associate professor, coordinator researcher, Institute of Peology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection ”Nicolae Dimo”; Laboratory of Agrochemistry; 100, Ialoveni str., Chisinau, 2070, Republic of Moldova; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The article presented three technological biotechnologies for the utilization as fertilizers the waste from wineries and alcohol production enterprises. The definition is redefined in all technological models for the recovery of waste as a fertilizer. As study material they served: yeast, vinasse (waste from wine factories) and grain marc – spirit stillage (waste from the production of ethyl alcohol). The technologies are described on the basis of the researches carried out in two field experiments conducted at the "Codry" technological-experimental station in Chisinau municipality during 2011–2018. It is not recommended to apply solid yeasts to a temperature below minus 5 °C when frosting spreads unevenly. Calculation of solid fermented yeast dose with 1,5 % nitrogen for fertilization of vines planted with 2,5 m length and 100 m length. Every year in the country from 100 wine enterprises accumulate about 16 000 tonns of liquid wine yeast. 

Key words: organic matter, biotechnologies, waste, fertilizer.

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UDC 551.58:631+551.4

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS

Mustafayev Zh. S.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Republic of Kazakhstan, 050010, Almaty, ul. Kyz-Zhibek 41; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Adilbektegi G. A.
Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Eurasian National University named after L. N. Gumilyov, Republic of Kazakhstan ,, Nur-Sultan city, Zhenis avenue, 75/2, apt. 31 .; adilbekova.gulmira@yand
Abdeshev K. B.
Doctor PhD, Taraz State University named after M. Kh. Dulati, Republic of Kazakhstan, 080019, Taraz city, microdistrict8 (Alatau), building 14, apartment 60; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Based on the fundamental laws of the production process of biology and ecology, systems of mathematical models have been developed for assessing the ecological potential of landscape systems, including soil and vegetation cover using the energy factors of the natural system, the environment-forming and ecological functions of the natural system, and the efficient use of the resource potential of agricultural lands and identifying their climatic differences.

Key words: soil, plants, landscape, system, productivity, potential, law, environment, ecology, function, model.

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UDC 551.58

METHODOLOGY FOR FORECASTING PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF SOIL AND VEGETABLE COVER OF LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS

Mustafayev Zh. S.
doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Republic of Kazakhstan, 050010, Almaty, ul. Kyz-Zhibek 41; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Kozykeyeva A. T.
doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Republic of Kazakhstan, 050070, Almaty, ul. Kenesary Khan 54/29. Apt. 17; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Tursynbaev N. A.
master, Taraz State University named after M. Kh. Dulati, Republic of Kazakhstan, 080000, Republic of Kazakhstan, Taraz city, Bolterek sheshena street, 1st lane, house 14; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Based on a model for calculating the productivity of natural cenoses S.A. Pegova and P.M. Khomyakova developed a methodological approach for predicting the production potential of soil and vegetation cover of landscape systems, which are implemented to determine the natural productivity of biomass of vegetation and soil cover of landscape systems in various climatic zones of Kazakhstan.

Key words: methodology, assessment, index, productivity, soil, plants, forecasting, system, landscape, nature, model.

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UDC 633:631,51:631,582

INFLUENCE OF BASIC TREATMENT OF SOIL, MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND HERBICIDES ON THE SOYBEAN YIELD AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ITS CULTIVATION

Vorontsov V. A.
candidate of agriculture science, Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the FSC named after I. V. Michurin, Russia, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, ul. Michurina, 30
Skorochkin Yu. P.
candidate of agricultural sciences, Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the FSC named after I. V. Michurin, Russia, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, ul. Michurina, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Ivanova O. M.
candidate of agricultural sciences, Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the FSC named after I. V. Michurin, Russia, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, ul. Michurina, 30, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Dudova E. V.
Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the FSC named after I. V. Michurin, Russia, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, ul. Michurina, 30

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The features of the soybean production process and its dependence on the main soil cultivation methods and chemicalization agents were studied. The studies were carried out in 2013–2019 on chernozem typical in the stationary field experiment of the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture with crop rotation: black steam – winter wheat – soybean – barley. Five methods of primary tillage were compared: plowing by 25–27 cm (control); surface 10–12 cm and zero tillage by 25–27 cm (resource-saving) on the background of surface and zero tillage cultivation in crop rotation; plowing by 25–27 cm against the background of free zero tillage by 20–22 cm and plowing against the surface by 10–12 cm in crop rotation.

Key words: soybean yield, mineral fertilizers, herbicides, agrochemical measures, chernozem.

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UDC 633.63:631.8

APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Skorochkin Yu. P.
candidate of agricultural sciences, Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the FSC named after I. V. Michurin, Russia, 393774, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, ul. Michurina, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Ivanova O. M.
candidate of agricultural sciences, Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the FSC named after I. V. Michurin, Russia, 393774, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, ul. Michurina, 30, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Dudova E. V.
Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the FSC named after I. V. Michurin, Russia, 393774, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, ul. Michurina, 30

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The article provides a comparative evaluation of methods of determining doses of fertilisers, which gives reason to recommend them calculations on the results of field experiments, but based on the content of nutrients in the soil. When determining the doses of mineral fertilizers necessary to consider the soil supply of the mobile forms of nutrients and the degree of culturenet black soil. The characteristic chemical activities in the Tambov region in recent years.

Key words: mineral fertilizers, dose, agrochemical activities, topsoil.

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UDC 631.51.01

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY OF AGROCENOSES WHEN IMPLEMENTING NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY

Volkov A. I.
Ph. D. (Agriculture), Mari State University, Russia, Republic of Mari El, Joshkar-Ola, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Prokhorova L. N.
Ph. D. (Agriculture), Mari State University, Russia, Republic of Mari El, Joshkar-Ola, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Kirillov N. A.
Doctor (Biology), рrofessor, Mari State University, Russia, Republic of Mari El, Joshkar-Ola, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The nature of changes in the ecological stability of agrocenoses as a result of the transition to the minimum and zero methods of tillage has been determined. As a result of studies carried out for fifteen years on low-humus light gray forest and soddy-podzolic soil types, it was revealed that the introduction of no-till technology contributes to an increase in the number of earthworms and soil invertebrates. At the same time, there is a positive dynamics of changes in agrophysical, agrochemical indicators of fertility and biological activity of the soil. Improving the nutrient regime of the soil has a positive effect on crop yields.

Key words: environmental sustainability, no-till technology, agrocenosis, soil fauna, agrochemical indicators, agrophysical soil properties.

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UDC 631.445.24

MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS UNDER VARIOUS BIOCENOSES

Stakhurlova L. D.
candidate of biological sciences, Voronezh State University, Russia, Voronezh, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Bakhtin A. M.
past master, Voronezh State University, Russia, Voronezh, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

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The positive effect of cultivation on the basic indicators of soil fertility - the content of humus, of SAC, acidity has been established. The absence of contamination with toxicant metals - chromium, lead, nickel is shown. The amount of arsenic did not exceed the maximum allowable value. In soils with a disturbed hydrological regime, a high content of ferric oxides was found.

Key words: soddy-podzolic soils, biocenosis, humus, acidity, trace elements, metals-toxicants, maximum permissible concentrations.

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UDC 504.453 : 504.054

TENDENCIES OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SMALL RIVERS OF INNER NOVGOROD IN CONTENT OF SOME IONS AND LEVEL OF GENERAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Kozlov A. V.
Cand. of Biol. Sciences, associate professor, Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Russia, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanova Str., 1
Uromova I. P.
Doct. of Agric. Sciences, associate professor, Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Russia, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanova Str., 1

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The work describes main trends in ecological state of small rivers, flowing within the city of Nizhny Novgorod, described on basis of some general hydrochemical and biochemical properties of water. For period 2018-2019 studies revealed that in general, waters of small watercourses were characterized by an average and increased level of general stiffness, were slightly acidic and neutral and had a fairly high level of mineralization. The content of some ions (Cl–, SO42–, FeGEN.) did not have clear patterns of variation, but to certain extent, depended on the season of the year. Biochemical state of water bodies, estimated according to indicators of COCPERM. and BOC7, characterized as unsatisfactory, waters had an increased background of organic impurities. Obtained trends determine need for a more detailed and prolonged study of ecological state of small rivers of the city.

Key words: small rivers, urban area, ecological condition, hydrochemical and biochemical properties of water.

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UDC 577.47: 546.49. 575.2

BIOGEOCHEMICAL MIGRATION OF MERCURY IN AIDARKEN PROVINCE (KYRGYZSTAN)

Imatali kyzy K.
candidate of biological sciences, Osh State University, Kyrgyz Republic, 723500, Osh city, Ak-Bura Campus, Yugo Vostok, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Djenbaev B. M.
doctor of biological sciences, professor, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyz Republic, 720071, Bishkek, Chui ave., 265, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The results of determining the correlation coefficient of the content and accumulation of mercury in the “soil-plant” system are given in the article. The research was carried out in the vicinity of the metallurgical plant and the tailing dump of the concentrating plant in the governorate of Aydarken. The content of mercury in the soil and aboveground parts of some plant species, as well as in the links of the food chain, was determined. Differences in the accumulation of mercury between different species of the same family as well as interspecific differences have been noted. The maximum positive concentrations in terms of mercury content were noted near ziziphora and sweet clover near the tailing dump. The mercury concentration was determined by the atomic absorption method with a hydride attachment. Positive and negative correlations of mercury accumulation in the soil – plant system were revealed. The coefficient of biological absorption of mercury by plants has been established. The highest values of the correlation coefficient were observed in plants that grow in vegetable gardens and pastures in the vicinity of the Aidarken mercury province. The need for constant monitoring in this province is indicated.

Key words: mercury, correlation coefficients, maximum allowable level, soil, plants.

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UDC 626.32, 627.18, 628.349, 544.732. 678.664.631.879

REMOVAL OF THE OIL SPILL BY THE HYDROPHOBIC SORBENT BASED ON POLYURETHANE FOAM, CHITIN AND THE SILICONE-COTAINING POLYMER

Chan Yi Doan Chang
postgraduate student, Kazan National Research Technological University, Russia, Tatarstan, Kazan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Zenitova L. A.
Doctor of technical sciences, professor, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia, Tatarstan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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The most effective method for dealing with oil spills is the use of sorbents. The commonly used porous polyurethane foam (PUF) material has a rather high cost. Therefore, to reduce the cost of the sorbent and improve its quality, it is proposed to use an inexpensive natural material of chitin and a silicone-containing polymer Selenium CA as a hermetic. Study on removing the oil spill by the hydrophobic sorbent PPU10M-m showed that: the optimal adsorption time is 15 minutes; the chemical composition of the aqueous medium does not affect the sorption capacity of the adsorbent PPU10M-m. The oil sorption capacity of the sorbent PPU10M-m ~ 7,6 g/g, the oil removal degree ~ 75 % and the oil sorption efficiency ~ 87–88 %.

Key word: oil sorption material, oil spills, sorption ability, hydrophobic, silicone-containing polymer.

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UDC 904

LEGAL ASPECTS OF ROAD PROTECTION AS A HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS

Timofeev A. N.
Ph.D., Associate Professor, Voronezh State Pedagogical University; Russia, 394043, Voronezh, st. Lenin, 86 This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

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Discusses issues related to the allocation of ancient roads in specially protected areas. In Russia, little attention is paid to such unique historical and cultural sites as ancient roads. The legal security regime and the criteria for the allocation of ancient roads to protected areas are practically not developed. Most of Russia's oldest roads do not have the status of protected areas or historical and cultural monuments, which are an irreplaceable heritage of humanity. The current state of the problem of studying and preserving ancient roads on the territory of the Russian Federation is considered. The ancient roads of Russia are considered younger in comparison with the ancient roads of European countries, America and countries of the East. Many roads in Russia that existed in the past have not been studied by scientists, information about them is contained in ancient manuscripts, legends and traditions. There is no cadastre of ancient roads in Russia, the regulatory and legal system for the protection of ancient roads and the method of identifying them as historical and cultural monuments and protected areas have not been properly developed.

Key words: ancient roads, historical and cultural object, land assessment, land use, protection of monuments.

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UDC 504.062

THE ROLE OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN ENHANCING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE NATURAL PARK SAMAROVSKIY CHUGAS

Bolshanik P. V.
cand. geogr. sci., associate Professor, Institute of oil and gas of Ugra STATE University, 16 Chekhov street, Russia, Khanty-Mansiysk AO, Tyumen region, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

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The article discusses the features of the geographical location, natural conditions and resources, landscape structure of the natural Park "Samarovsky Chugas" of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The author characterizes the strengths and weaknesses of the archeopark, which is part of the natural Park structure, analyzes the development prospects and emerging threats. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of natural and cultural species of trees and shrubs that can be used for landscape design in the Park.

Key word: Natural Park, landscape design, specially protected natural territories.

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UDC 502.4

EPIPHYTIC LICHENOBIOTA AND MACROMYCETE MYCOBIOTA OF FOREST COMMUNITIES OF THE PROJECTED SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREA (SPNA) "WHALE HARBOR" (NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS)

Krivorotov S. B.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Botany and General Ecology, Professor of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinina street, 13, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Shumkova O. A.
Senior Researcher, Research Institute of Applied and Experimental Ecology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinina street, 13

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A taxonomic list of epiphytic lichens of the territory of the projected SPNA was compiled, including 60 species from 31 genera and 14 families. A taxonomic analysis of the epiphytic lichen biota and an analysis of the life forms of lichens have been carried out. All found epiphytic lichens belong to the epigenic division. The main classes of life forms of epiphytic lichens in forest communities in the study area are foliated and crustaceous. Three types of epiphytic lichens: Tornabea scutellifera, Lobaria pulmonaria, Lobaria virens, are protected and listed in the Red Book of Krasnodar Territory (2017). In the forest communities of the projected SPNA, 21 species of macromycetes from 16 genera and 13 families were identified. Five types of macromycetes: Amanita friabilis, Gyroporus castaneus, Gyroporus cyanescens, Grifola frondosa, Clathrus ruber are also protected and listed in the Red Book of Krasnodar Territory (2017). An ecological-trophic analysis of the detected macromycetes was carried out.

Key words: epiphytic lichen biota, mycobiota, specially protected natural area, forest communities, life forms, ecological and trophic analysis

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UDC 544.473:547.322

DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL CONTENT OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SURFACTANTS

Torosyan G. H.
Doctor of chemical sciences, professor, head of the department of general chemistry and chemical technologies (GCh&ChT), of the Institute of mining-metallurgy and chemical technologies of the National polytechnic university of Armenia (NPUA), 0009 Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Teryan 105, 1st building, 1201, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Nersisyan A. S.
Ms student of Institute of mining-metallurgy and chemical technologies of the National polytechnic university of Armenia, 0009 Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Teryan 105, 1st building, 1201

 

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The widespread use of organic compounds by humans, in particular synthetic detergents (surfactants), pollutes the environment and creates a real danger to biota. To develop methods for cleaning the environment from surfactants, it is necessary to study the content of organic components in them. The presented article is devoted to the determination of the total content of organic (fatty) substances in domestic soaps widely used in practice. A detailed description of the analysis method is given. The proposed method should serve as a tool for further determination of the content of organic substances both in the aquatic environment and on land to obtain data for monitoring the cleaning of the environment from surfactants, in particular by the adsorption method.

Key words: environment, surfactants, detergents, soaps, definition, content of organic (fatty) substances

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UDC 581.526.53

DZHANTEMIR SOSRENOVICH DZYBOV (TO THE 85TH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH AND 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY)

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